VBSP
VBSP is the tool that compiles a raw VMF file into Source 1's BSP format. It is generally followed by VVIS and VRAD.
VBSP will:
- Convert brushes to polygons
- Generate visleaves
- Generate detail props
- Swallow most internal entities into the world
- Replace specular materials with patched versions that link to the nearest cubemap
- Report leaks as .lin files
- Embed the entity block
- Merge groups of static props sharing the same material (in all games since
)
While the resulting BSP file can be played directly it has no visibility control (poor performance) and no lighting.
Bug:In non-
Left 4 Dead engine branch games, MDL files that have the IDST1 header will fail to load for VBSP, see VRAD's bugs. [todo tested in?]Bug:In 
Source 2013 and possibly other engine branches, smoothing groups are not properly written for func_detail brush faces. This is fixed in the 
Slammin' VBSP, 
Garry's Mod's VBSP and 
Mapbase' VBSP, and code for this fix can be found in pull request 391 on GitHub. (tested in: )Bug:VBSP doesn't recognize custom lightmapped shaders, and thus it won't allow VRAD to generate lightmaps for them. This is fixed in Slammin' VBSP and in Mapbase' VBSP. (tested in: )
Note:VBSP can also compile MAP files with the "mapversion" "400" KV in worldspawn.Launch options
Syntax
<vbsp.exe path> [options] <VMF File>
For example:
"Half-Life 2\bin\vbsp.exe" -onlyents sdk_trainstation_01
This will re-embed the entity block without affecting the world.
Common options
Note:-onlyents and -keepstalezip will mark the map as stale by embedding the file stale.txt into the BSP. Loading stale maps in the engine will cause a "This map is not final!!" warning message in the console.-v-verbose- Turn on verbose output (also shows more command-line options if used without any other parameters).
-onlyents- Only import the entities from the VMF. Brushes and internal entities are not modified. Brush Entities' boundaries will not be modified, however, their Keyvalues will be. Conserves existing lighting and vis data.
-onlyprops- Only update static and detail props (i.e. the internal entities). Does not generate a .prt file, making VVIS fail!
-glview- Writes glview data to the VMF's directory.
-tmpoutwill cause the files will be written to\tmpinstead. -nodetail- Removes func_detail brushes. The geometry left over is what affects visibility.
-nowater- Get rid of water brushes.
Confirm:Does this affect CONTENTS_SLIME, or only CONTENTS_WATER? -low- Run as an idle-priority process.
-vproject<directory>- Override the VPROJECT environment variable.
-game<directory>- Specify the folder of the
gameinfo.txtfile. -insert_search_path<directory>- Includes an extra base directory for mounting additional content (like Gameinfo.txt entries). Useful if you want to separate some assets from the mod for whatever reason.
-embed<directory>(only in
)- Embed the contents of <directory> in the pakfile lump.
-instancepath<directory>(only in
)- Overrides InstancePath key in gameinfo.
Advanced options
-autoviscluster #(in all games since)- Todo: Used on dz_sirocco, found in
scripts/mapautocompile.txt. -novconfig- Don't bring up graphical UI on vproject errors.
-threads- Control the number of threads vbsp uses (defaults to the # of processors (times 2 for Hypertreading/SMT CPU's) on your machine).
-verboseentities- If -v is on, this disables verbose output for submodels.
-noweld- Don't join face vertexes together.
-nocsg- Don't chop out intersecting brush areas.
-noshare- Emit unique face edges instead of sharing them.
-notjunc- Don't fixup any t-junctions.
-allowdetailcracks- Don't fixup t-junctions on
func_detail. -nodrawtriggers- Compiles all triggers as if they were using Nodraw texture, only affects triggers using a texture with %CompileTrigger.
-noopt- By default, vbsp removes the 'outer shell' of the map, which are all the faces you can't see because you can never get outside the map. -noopt disables this behavior.
-noprune- Don't prune neighboring solid nodes.
-nomerge- Don't merge together chopped faces on nodes.
-nomergewater- Don't merge together chopped faces on water.
-nosubdiv- Don't subdivide faces for lightmapping.
-micro<float>- vbsp will warn when brushes are output with a volume less than this number (default: 1.0).
-fulldetail- Mark all detail geometry as normal geometry (so all detail geometry will affect visibility).
-alldetail(only in
)- Convert all structural brushes to detail brushes, except func_brush entities whose names begin with structure_.
-leaktest(not in)- Stop processing the map if a leak is detected. Whether or not this flag is set, a leak file will be written out at <vmf filename>.lin, and it can be imported into
Hammer. -noleaktest(only in )- Disables leaktest as it's enabled by default.
-bumpall- Force all surfaces to be treated as if they were bumpmaped (generating three lightmaps for the surface instead of one), regardless of if they actually are.
-snapaxial- Snap axial planes to integer coordinates.
-block # #- Control the grid size mins that vbsp chops the level on. Bug:Causes VBSP to fail completely. [todo tested in?]
-blocks # # # #- Enter the mins and maxs for the grid size vbsp uses.
-blocksize<int>(in all games since)(also in )(also in )- Control the size of each grid square that vbsp chops the level on. Default is 1024.
-dumpstaticprops- Dump static props to staticprop*.txt.
-dumpcollide- Write files with collision info.
-forceskyvis- Enable vis calculations in 3D Skybox leaves.
Tip:Use this if the 3D skybox room can be accessed without noclip.-luxelscale<float>- Scale all lightmaps by this amount (default: 1.0).
-minluxelscale<float>- Lets you limit the minimum luxel scale in your map.
-maxluxelscale(only in)- Lets you limit the maximum luxel scale in your map.
-lightifmissing- Force lightmaps to be generated for all surfaces even if they don't need lightmaps.
-localphysx- Todo: Currently unknown.
-keepstalezip- Keep the BSP's zip files intact but regenerate everything else.
-visgranularity # # #(in all games since)(also in )- Force visibility splits # of units along X, Y, Z.
-replacematerials- Substitute materials according to materialsub.txt in content\maps.
-FullMinidumps- Write large minidumps on crash.
-novirtualmesh- Fix Physics entities fall through displacements at cost of bigger BSP size.
-xbox- Treat %CompileTrigger surfaces as nodraw, and treat %CompileWater surfaces as having %CompileNoLight (but not %CompileSlime). Implies
-nodrawtriggers. -nodefaultcubemap(only in)- Disables automatic skybox cubemap generation.
-defaultcubemap(only in)- By default in Mapbase "dummy" cubemaps are not generated during map compilation but can be forced to generate again by this parameter.
-allowdynamicpropsasstatic(only in)- Allow all models with the 'static' flag in the model viewer to be used on prop_static, even when their propdata doesn't contain 'allowstatic'.
Static Prop Combine
(in all games since )
-StaticPropCombine- Merges static props together according to the rules defined in
scripts/hammer/spcombinerules/spcombinerules.txt. This lowers the number of draw calls, increasing performance. It can also be used to lower the number of static props present in a map. See Static Prop Combine. -StaticPropCombine_AutoCombine- Automatically generate static prop combine rules for props that VBSP deems should be combined. Note:This does not write to
spcombinerules.txt. -StaticPropCombine_ConsiderVis- Instead of using the distance limit, combine all props in the group that share visclusters.
-StaticPropCombine_SuggestRules- Lists models sharing the same material that should be added to
spcombinerules.txt. -StaticPropCombine_MinInstances<int>- Set the minimum number of props in a combine group required to create a combined prop. Tip:Valve had this set to 3 for the new Dust 2.
-StaticPropCombine_PrintCombineRules- Confirm:Prints the combine rules? Hasn't been working for me.
-StaticPropCombine_ColorInstances- Confirm:Does this color the instances?
-KeepSources- Don't delete the autogenerated QCs and unpacked model files after finishing.
-CombineIgnore_FastReflection- Combine props, even if they have differing Render in Fast Reflections settings.
-CombineIgnore_Normals- Combine props, even if they have differing Ignore Normals settings.
-CombineIgnore_NoShadow- Combine props, even if they have differing Disable Shadows settings.
-CombineIgnore_NoVertexLighting- Combine props, even if they have differing Disable Vertex lighting settings.
-CombineIgnore_NoFlashlight- Combine props, even if they have differing Disable flashlight settings.
-CombineIgnore_NoSelfShadowing- Combine props, even if they have differing Disable Self-Shadowing settings.
-CombineIgnore_DisableShadowDepth- Combine props, even if they have differing Disable ShadowDepth settings.
Nonfunctional Options
-linuxdata- Force it to write physics data for linux multiplayer servers. (It will automatically write this data if it finds certain entities like info_player_terrorist, info_player_deathmatch, info_player_teamspawn, info_player_axis, or info_player_coop.)
Deprecated:(removed since 
) All modern branches of Source use the same physics data on all platforms.-nolinuxdata- Force it to not write physics data for linux multiplayer servers, even if there are multiplayer entities in the map.
-virtualdispphysics- Use virtual (not precomputed) displacement collision models
Console output
Todo: Add descriptions for other VBSP outputs (WriteBSP, PruneNodes, ProcessBlock_Thread, etc).
VBSP prints various information about the compile process to the console. Note that output from older versions of the tool can be different.
Patching WVT material: material path to patched WVT material- The map contains WorldVertexTransition materials that are being used on non-displacement faces. VBSP patches these materials to use a different material shader (such as LightmappedGeneric) so that they properly render on these map faces.
FixTjuncs...- T-junctions are created when
func_detailbrushes touch world geometry. To avoid visual cracks or seams, VBSP fixes up these T-junctions. Placing detail props : 0...1...2...3...4...5...6...7...8...9...10- Detail props are being placed in the map.
See also
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