Valve Texture Tool

For the Source 2 file format, see VTEX (Valve Texture).

VTEX, or Valve Texture Tool, is the command-line tool used to convert targa (.tga), portable floatmap (.pfm), or Photoshop (.psd) (Orange box SDK) image files into Valve Texture Files (.vtf) for use in the Source engine.

Warning:It is recommended that you use the third-party tool VTFEdit instead, unless if you are attempting to import/export HDR textures, which VTFEdit has limited support for. VTFEdit boasts a user-friendly GUI interface, a wider array of accepted input formats, more control over the image format, the ability to change most properties of a VTF without recompiling, and a standalone viewer.

Limitations

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Warning:Vtex takes significantly a longer time to process a 4096x4096 input than a 2048x2048 or smaller input. Older versions of Vtex don't support such high resolution textures at all.

Tip: Team Fortress 2: A patched Vtex that supports 4096x4096 TGA textures can be downloaded here.

Bug: Vtex generates noticeably lower-quality results for DXT-compressed formats than the Vtex included in most other games, such as , , or ^{[citation needed]}.  [todo tested in?]

Note:Vtex is only capable of creating a limited subset of VTF's supported image formats, namely DXT1, DXT5, BGR888, BGRA8888, RGBA16161616f, A8, UV88, and UVLX8888.

Supported input formats

1. Truevision Targa (.tga)
2. Portable Floatmap (.pfm)
3. Photoshop (.psd) image files (in all games since )

Supported output formats

1. Valve Texture Files (.vtf) for use in the Source engine

Usage

Basic

1. Make sure that Steam is running.
2. Place the targa image to be converted inside the SteamApps/common/gamefolder/materialsrc/ folder, where gamefolder is the game folder of the current game (cstrike/dod/hl2/hl2mp/tf). You can also place the image within a subfolder of this folder, to make Vtex compile the texture to the corresponding materials/ subfolder. (For instance, placing the image in a materialsrc/metal/ subfolder, will make Vtex compile the texture to the materials/metal/ subfolder.)
3. If necessary, write a text (.txt) file containing a set of Vtex compile parameters. Give it the same name as the targa image (with the exception of the .txt extension) and put it in the same folder. If you choose to omit this list, Vtex will create an empty one for you during compilation.
4. The Vtex executable (Vtex.exe) is located in the /Steam/SteamApps/common/gamefolder/bin/ folder, again where gamefolder is the folder that corresponds with the target game. It can be executed in one of two ways: Through the easy "drag-and-drop" method (described below), or the more advanced command prompt method, described here. Steam must run while it is executed.

Note:The versions of vtex do not seem to require Steam to be running.

1. The resulting Valve Texture File (VTF) will be compiled to the materials/ folder of the current game by default. For instance, if the current game would be Half-Life 2, the texture file would be compiled to the SteamApps/common/Half-Life 2/hl2/materials/ folder. If the targa image resided within a subfolder, Vtex will compile the texture file to the corresponding materials/ subfolder. If that subfolder doesn't exist, Vtex will create it automatically.

The Drag-and-Drop Method

The drag-and-drop method is the easy way to use Vtex. Just drag the icon of either the targa image to be converted, or its list of compile parameters (from its materialsrc/ folder) on top of the icon of the Vtex executable (Vtex.exe) and let go, and Vtex will compile the texture file automatically.

Command-line interface

Main article:  Vtex CLI use

Compile parameters

Vtex can accept a list of additional compile parameters during its execution. These parameters are optional, but sometimes necessary to get a good result.^[Clarify]

The list is written in the form of a simple text (.txt) document with the same name as the targa (.tga) image to compile, and it should be put in the same folder as it, namely in the SteamApps/common/gamefolder/materialsrc/ folder, where gamefolder is the game folder of the current game (cstrike/dod/hl2/hl2mp).

Example usage for one of the files for the console background:

// This is a comment, and will be ignored
nonice 1
nolod 1
nomip 1

Parameters

allmips

Force texture to use all mipmaps (no minimum mipmap).

alphatest

Keep alpha channels of mipmaps binary (only transparent or opaque), for use with $alphatest.

No effect on the full resolution texture (mipmap 0).

Important:Should not be used with $allowalphatocoverage textures.

alphatest_hifreq_threshhold

alphatest_threshhold

Fine-grain control for alphatest mipmap generation^[Elaborate?]

alphatodistance

Creates alpha-to-distance textures.

anisotropic

Use anisotropic filtering on the compiled texture, even if the user has selected bilinear or trilinear filtering in their video settings.

bumpscale

Sets texture's bumpscale value, which controls normal map intensity.

clamps

clampt

clampu

Do not allow the texture to wrap in the S (sides), T (top), or U (^[Clarify] coordinate space, respectively. This is most often used for sprites that are not tiled.

Tip:When a texel is requested that is outside of the texture, one of two techniques is used: Clamping limits the texel to the texture size, moving it to the nearest if it is more than the texture size. Wrapping makes the texel move back into the texture by increments (each to size of the texture). Wrapping causes a texture to be repeated; clamping causes it to be in one spot only.

distancespread

How much to spread alpha when creating alpha-to-distance textures.

dudv

Texture is a Du/Dv map.

dxt5

Force DXT5 compression, even if the source has no alpha channel.

invertgreen (in all games since )^[confirm]

Invert the green channel of the input texture (used for converting OpenGL normal maps to DirectX).

manualmip (in all games since )

Use pre-authored mipmaps instead of generating them from the full resolution texture

Note: You will need to create each mip level for your final VTF. Use the naming convention: "<texture_name>_mipX.tga", where "X" represents the mip level you are creating. Each mip level should be exactly half the size of the previous one. For example, if you start with a 128x128 image named `<texture_name>.tga`, your first mip level `<texture_name>_mip0.tga` should also be 128x128. Continue to halve the image dimensions for each subsequent mip level until you reach `<texture_name>_mip7.tga`, which will be a 1x1 image.

Warning:Not compatible with normal, nomip, volumetexture, or specvar

maxheight

maxheight_360

maxwidth

maxwidth_360

Sets maximum texture resolution for "High" (mat_picmip 0) texture quality.

If absent, both "High" (mat_picmip 0) and "Very High" (mat_picmip -1) texture quality will use the full-resolution texture.

Important:This should not be set to anything lower than half the resolution of the full-size texture, or else it will require the user to manually set a mat_picmip value lower than -1 ("Very High" texture quality in video settings), which requires sv_cheats in games other than Team Fortress 2.
For example, a 2048x2048 texture could have these values set to 1024, but shouldn't set them to 512.

mipblend (in all games since )

Fade out to a specific color or alpha starting with mip level 3. Takes one of the following options:

• detail - Fade out all color channels to 128, for detail textures using $detailblendmode 0.
• skip= - ???
• r=#, g=#, b=#, a=# - Fade out to the specified value. Include a mipblend statements for each channel, like so

 "mipblend" "r=247"
 "mipblend" "g=154"
 "mipblend" "b=16"
 "mipblend" "a=255"

Any omitted values will be treated as zero.

Bug:Only works correctly when used in conjunction with allmips.  [todo tested in?]

nocompress (in all games since )

Do not use compression on this texture. Useful for textures with fine gradation (like light halos).

nodebug

No debug override.

nolod

Do not use lower resolution versions of this texture regardless of texture quality (mat_picmip) settings. Used for non-world graphics such as HUD art.

nomip

Do not use mipmapping for this texture. Used for materials like skyboxes and menu backgrounds.

Bug:The MIPs are still generated and loaded^{[citation needed]}! Use VTFEdit to create VTFs without mipmaps, but note that such textures will not display properly in Hammer's texture browser (fixed in Hammer++ build 8866).  [todo tested in?]

 Question: The aforementioned solution won't work for HDR textures as VTFEdit can only open HDR VTFs and convert them to other image formats (it can't create them from PFMs as VTEX does). This is an issue; uncompressed HDR textures add up quickly in file size. A 512x512px RGBA16161616f VTF with mips is around 2.66 MB. Are there any known methods for stripping these HDR VTFs of their mips when unneeded to reduce the size of VTFs as much as possible?

nonice

Do not use NICE filtering on this texture’s lower mip-levels.

normal

Texture is a normal map. Implies nonice, so that all normals will be kept normalized during mipmap generation. Also regenerates the Blue color channel if missing, at least in some versions^[Which?].

Note:Automatically applies when the texture name ends with _normal

normalalphatodudvluminance

Use alpha channel as luminance when converting from normal maps to Du/Dv maps

normaltodudv

Converts the texture to a Du/Dv map.

numchannels

How many channels to import from source file. (1 = Red only, 2 = Red and Green, 3 = RGB, 4 = RGB + Alpha).

Omitted color channels are replaced with full color intensity; cannot be used to create an I8-encoded VTF.

oneovermiplevelinalpha

Alpha channel fades out as mipmaps get smaller.

pfm

Source texture is a portable floatmap. Used for HDR.

pfmscale "<float>"

Used to scale floatmap intensity.

pointsample

Do not filter this texture in-game.

Bug:Affects both the magnification and minimization filters instead of only the magnification filter, breaking mipmapping. Combine with nomip to avoid wasting VRAM.

Tip:Prefer using $pointsamplemagfilter if available.

  [todo tested in?]

premultcolorbyoneovermiplevel

Color channel fades out as mipmaps get smaller. Used when converting normal maps to Du/Dv maps.

procedural

Texture is procedural.

reduce

reducex

reducey

Downscales on both axes, only X axis, or only Y axis, respectively. Value must be a power of two, and tells VTEX how to reduce the dimensions (2 = half size, 4 = quarter size, 8 = eighth size, etc.).

rendertarget

Texture is a rendertarget.^[Clarify]

singlecopy

Todo: What does this do??

skybox

Used for compiling skyboxes. This assures the edges match between each facet.

specvar

Like mipblend, but for specular masks.^[Why?]

Implies allmips.

spheremap_negz

spheremap_z

spheremap_negy

spheremap_y

spheremap_negx

spheremap_x

Confirm:Are these functional?

ssbump

Used for self-shadowing bump maps.

Note:Automatically applies when the texture name ends with _height-ssbump

startframe <integer>

endframe <integer>

Used for animated textures. Textures must be named as texture000, texture001, texture002, etc. The startframe defines the beginning frame and the endframe defines the ending frame. Up to 1,000 frames are allowed.

Note:The 1000-frame limit is a VTEX limit, not an engine limit. VTFLib can add as many frames as fit in the 33 MB limit.

stripalphachannel

Used to tell Vtex to ignore the source texture's alpha channel.

If the texture is SDR, the resulting VTF will be encoded as DXT1 or BGR888 instead of DXT5 or BGRA8888, respectively (depending upon presence of nocompress), unless the DXT5 parameter is used.

If the texture is HDR, the resulting alpha channel will be completely opaque ("white").

stripcolorchannel

Used to create a texture with no color data.

Implies nocompress; the resulting VTF will be encoded as A8. Not compatible with pfm.

trilinear

Use at least trilinear filtering on the compiled texture, even if the user has selected bilinear filtering in their video settings.

volumetexture

Creates a volumetric texture.

Implies nocompress and nonice.

using .psd 'file info' parameters

Textures compiled from .psd files can have command line parameters saved into the .psd directly. To do this, use the 'File Info' menu in Photoshop and add your Vtex commands into the "description" text field. These parameters will get evaluated by Vtex when the .psd file is compiled.

Here's an example of usage for creating a flashlight that won't tile:

clamps 1;
clampt 1;
border 0;

Troubleshooting

Local Steam Service is not running

Vtex will give the following error:

SteamStartup() failed: SteamStartup(0xf,0x0012F0E4) failed with error 108: The local Steam Service is not running

Steam must run while Vtex is run. Start Steam to fix this.

Problem figuring out outputdir

Vtex will give the following error:

Problem figuring out outputdir for <path>

As a first step, check that the texture to convert is really in the \sourcesdk_content\gamedir\materialsrc folder, where gamedir is the game folder (cstrike/dod/hl2/hl2mp).

If the texture is in the correct folder, the error might instead be caused by a complication with the environment variables. Primarily, this should be able to be eliminated by using VConfig and ensuring the selected mod has been run at least once. However, there are cases where this doesn't solve the problem.

One solution is to remove the instance of the VProject Environment variable. In Windows XP this can be accomplished by the following:

1. Right-click on My computer and click on Properties.
2. Select the Advanced tab.
3. Click on Environment Variables near the bottom of the window.
4. In the System variables section scroll down and highlight the line VProject.
5. Click the Delete button.
6. Click OK twice to exit.

However, this solution will create the Unable to find gameinfo.txt error instead.

Todo: Delete this non-functioning solution alternative?

Alternative solution

vtex.exe cannot understand spaces in the input file. One solution is to create a folder directly on the C:/ drive with the same name as the original one the vtex shortcut was pointing at. For example, create C:/tf instead of C:\Program Files\Steam\steamapps\<account_name>\team fortress 2\tf. Update the vtex.exe shortcut to point to this new folder. In this folder, put the gameinfo.txt from the original folder, as well as an empty materialsrc and materials folder. Place your file to be converted in the new materialsrc folder. Now drag-and-drop the file onto the vtex shortcut, and the output will be in the new materials folder.

"Unable to find gameinfo.txt"

Vtex will give the following error and instructions:

Unable to find gameinfo.txt. Solutions:

1. Read http://www.valve-erc.com/srcsdk/faq.html#NoGameDir
2. Run vconfig to specify which game you're working on.
3. Add -game <path> on the command line where <path> is the directory that gameinfo.txt is in.

This error will occur after VProject has been removed using the steps above.

Open Source SDK and change the Current Game.

Note:The link at step 1 won't provide a solution. (The page is really old.)

Setup file gameinfo.txt doesn't exist

The Nov 7th, 2007 SDK release includes Orange Box with TF2 and trying to use vtex in this new SDK update to create a vtf file for Team Fortress 2 results in the following error message:

"Setup file 'gameinfo.txt' doesn't exist in subdirectory 'C:\Program Files\Steam\steamapps\player name\sourcesdk\bin\orangebox\bin\vconfig'. check your -game parameter or VCONFIG setting.".

Assuming that this is the same error as "Unable to find gameinfo.txt" above, then trying to run vconfig.exe results in this error:

"This application has failed to start because Steam.dll was not found. Re-installing the application may fix this problem."

Solution:

1. Create a shortcut to vtex.exe which is located in "C:\Program Files\Steam\steamapps\player_name\sourcesdk\bin\orangebox\bin\vtex.exe" and select Properties.
2. At the end of the Target text add -game "C:\Program Files\Steam\steamapps\player_name\team fortress 2\tf" -nop4

Valve intends to fix the problem with requirement of a -nop4 argument to be added to the target.

TGA is bogus

Vtex will give the following error:

TGA <path> is bogus!

The texture image you are trying to convert is not recognized as a valid targa (.tga) file. Make sure that it is, and that it is either 24 bit/pixel or 32 bit/pixel. (8 or 16 bit/pixel is not recognized.)

"Warning: falling back to auto detection of vconfig" (Windows Vista)

Vtex will give the following error:

Todo: Please provide an exact quote of the error.

Make a shortcut for vtex.exe and add -game [path to game directory]

Example: -game c:/steam/steamapps/sourcemods/Awakening

If there are spaces in any of the folders in your path use "

Example: -game "c:/program files/steam/steamapps/sourcemods/insurgency"

Error loading texture texturename.pfm

The byteorder ( endian ) of your .pfm is probably not the correct one.
If you exported your texture from photoshop, this might happen depending on the specific photoshop version you are using.
A workaround for this issue is by converting to .pfm using Imagemagick ( Make sure to download the version specific to your OS that has HDR imaging enabled! )
Run your texture ( .tif, .hdr, .exr ... ) through the tool with -endian LSB and the resulting .pfm should no longer make vtex complain!

See also

• Creating a Material