DirectX Versions

This is a description of what each version of DirectX is capable of, for reference when creating fallback materials for older GPUs with lower DirectX feature levels. Under each heading are features not available in previous versions of DirectX.

To test lower-quality DirectX levels on a more advanced graphics card, use the mat_dxlevel cvar, or -dxlevel command line arguments. Set it to 60, 70, 80, 81, 90, 95 or 98 () to set the corresponding DirectX version; it is not possible to run at a higher level than the graphics hardware is capable of.

Important:Please note that changing mat_dxlevel (DirectX levels), does not actually change the Direct3D renderer to render any Source games on Direct3D 8 or older. Source will always run on Direct3D 9 (or Direct3D 11/12 on some third-party engine branches). However, the materials, effects and shaders will be changed or disabled for compatibility with older GPUs that predates Direct3D 9 (DX9), or to allow modern tools such as Nvidia's RTX Remix (also used in Portal with RTX and upcoming Half-Life 2 RTX), which currently only support DX9 or earlier (with compatibility level 8.x or lower, or with fixed function pipelines), to work properly.

Note:Source games and engine branches released by Valve since Left 4 Dead no longer support all DirectX compatibility levels, aswell replaced the old DirectX compatibility level with new shader & effect details option. This meant that all games running on Left 4 Dead engine branch (or later branches) only supports DirectX 9.0c level cards.
The only modern Source engine branch that still supports older DirectX levels (down to 8.0) is Source 2013. Some third-party Source engine branch or Source successor, Source 2, will only support DirectX 11 (including the Direct3D renderer) or later.

Note:Most modern PC with modern GPUs are now DirectX 12 capable (and fully support all DX9 levels and features in Source). Players running on DX8 level/DX8-only graphics card or older on systems with Steam installed are less than 5% (according to Steam Survey). Make alternate assets if you want, but without using RTX Remix tools, almost no one will see them unless they launched the game with -dxlevel 80/81 manually or have a very old graphics card, or by launching a game that utilizes Nvidia RTX Remix, which was only used in Portal with RTX and Half-Life 2 RTX, used to convert most of the DX7/DX8 level graphics.

Bug:On some modern systems, or in some games, when a Source 2013 game is run for the first time, the game may default to DirectX 8 level.
To fix this, run the game once with -dxlevel 95 command line option (which will change to DirectX 9.0+ level), change your video settings to whatever you want, then save by clicking OK (or Apply then OK), then close the game, open it again, it should show as Hardware DirectX level: DirectX 9.0+ on the video options. Users must remove the -dxlevel command line after launching the game once to prevent the game from reset the video settings to default.  [todo tested in?]

Bug:Some effects appears to be less visible, such as the volumetric lighting model used to fake the volumetric lighting effect compared to DirectX 8 mode, or DirectX 9 on older version of Half-Life 2.^[1][2] See #Train Station  [todo tested in?]

DirectX Capabilities

Warning:

• Since Source 2006, DirectX 6 is no longer supported but still works, and in Source 2007 or Source 2009, DirectX 7 is no longer supported (except RTX Remix games).
• Starting with Left 4 Dead engine branch and later Source games, all DirectX 8 versions, are no longer supported. Cards that doesn't support DirectX 9.0c are also dropped.
• While DirectX 8 level is supported in Source 2007, Source 2009 and Source 2013, not all pre-L4D branch games support them and using it may crashes the game, such as Postal III.
• In Portal with RTX and in other RTX Remix Source games, the game will run on DirectX 7 in order to make RTX Remix work. Also, when using Vulkan renderer (DXVK), using dxlevel lower than 90, such as 80/81 for DirectX 8 will cause the game to not render properly.

DirectX 6 compatibility level

Introduced in August 1998, referred to as "DirectX 6.0" and "dxlevel 60". DirectX 6-class graphics cards include the Nvidia TNT2 and Matrox G400.

DirectX 7 compatibility level

Introduced in September 1999, referred to as "DirectX 7.0" and "dxlevel 70". DirectX 7-class graphics cards include the Nvidia GeForce 256, 2, 2MX and 4MX cards and the ATI Radeon 7xxx series.

Note:RTX Remix games such as Portal with RTX and the upcoming Half-Life 2 RTX render the graphics in this DirectX level, by replacing the textures, models and lighting with PBR textures and ray-traced lighting, then renders in Vulkan (using DXVK) before converting again to Direct3D 12 (DX12).^[5]

Features

• Blob shadows
• Displacement map texture blending

DirectX 8 compatibility level

Note:As mentioned above, when a Source 2013 game is launched for the first time, it may default to DirectX 8.0, even if you have a newer GPU.
A bug report can be found here: Issue 540 on GitHub

Introduced in November 2000, referred to as "DirectX 8.0" and "dxlevel 80". DirectX 8-class graphics cards include the Nvidia GeForce4 Ti and most of the GeForce FX 5x00 series (while technically DirectX 9 cards, the latter suffer from major performance problems with the DX9 rendering path).

Features

• Refractions with the use of a du/dv map
• Dynamic shadows
• Directional lighting on world brushes using normal maps
• Cube-mapped specular effects
• Cube-mapped water
• Low-quality reflective water (used sparingly)

DirectX 8.1 compatibility level

Referred to as "DirectX 8.1" and "dxlevel 81". DirectX 8.1-class graphics cards include the Nvidia GeForce FX 5800 and 5900 and the ATI Radeon 8500/9100 and 9000/9200 cards.

Features

• Soft edge dynamic shadows

DirectX 9 (Shader Model 2)

Introduced in December 2002, referred to as "DirectX 9.0" and "dxlevel 90".

DirectX 9-class graphics cards include the Nvidia GeForce 6600 and 6800 series and the ATI Radeon 9500/9600, 9700/9800, X300/X600 and X800 cards.

Features

• Refractions with the use of a bump-map
• High-quality reflective water (used frequently)
• Softer edge dynamic shadows
  • This means that the "High" shadows detail option will be visible and can be selected (except on Intel GPUs by default).
• Normal-mapped lighting on models
• Improved-quality specular effects

Since Source 2006:

• High dynamic range rendering (disabled by default)
• Phong shading
• Color Correction

Since Source 2007:

• Motion Blur

"dxlevel 92"

Equivalent to dxlevel 95, but use the translator ToGL to convert the DirectX calls to OpenGL calls. Only on macOS and Linux, and other platforms/operating systems that do not support Direct3D and DirectX.

Todo: What about dxlevel 97? Can be only seen in Portal 2 (both PC and PS3). Appear to same as dxlevel 98 on X360 since PS3's dxsupport.cfg only contains dxlevel 97.

DirectX 9.0c - Shader Model 3

Referred to as "DirectX 9.0+" and "dxlevel 95". The last version is supported for all version of Windows 98/98SE/ME/2000 and XP, aswell as the last version of DirectX/Direct3D 9.

Supported games

dxlevel 95 (or DirectX 9.0c) was first introduced with Half-Life 2: Lost Coast, Day of Defeat: Source and later Source 2006. Left 4 Dead engine branch games and above requires DirectX 9.0c in order to run.

Features

• Lightwarp support
• High dynamic range rendering (enabled by default)

DX9.0c on Xbox 360

Referred to as "dxlevel 98". Made specifically for .

Warning:Doesn't do anything much in PC builds of any game (the game will reset to dxlevel 95 after changing video settings). Only works for Xbox 360, where it is required (and enabled by default).

Features

• GPU Particle Physics

DX9Ex / Windows Aero DirectX extensions

DX9Ex may improve/reduce performance on certain hardware, depending on the graphics driver. Works the same as "dxlevel 95". (only in )

In Source 2013, DX9Ex can be disabled/enabled by toggling the "Windows Aero extensions" in Video Options > Advanced, or through mat_disable_d3d9ex console command.

In Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, DX9Ex can be disabled using the -disable_d3d9ex command line.

DirectX 10

Introduced in November 2006 with the release of Windows Vista, and only supports the said operating systems, DX10 is not supported on Windows XP. Referred to as "dxlevel 100".

DirectX 10-class graphics cards include the Nvidia GeForce 8 series, Intel GMA X3100, X3500, GMA 4500, Intel HD Graphics (2010) and the ATI Radeon HD 2000/3000 series cards.

Features

• Shader Model 4.0

Supported games

While dxlevel 100 is mentioned in dxsupport.cfg on Left 4 Dead engine branch and above, there are currently no Source engine branch which actually render in Direct3D 10 despite being mentioned in this, unless the engine is modified. GDC 2008 PDF which shows some differences.
Additionally, Valve later said that DirectX 9 is still sufficient, therefore no Source engine are rendered using Direct3D 10.^[4]
All of the DX10 features shown in that PDF file was already supported on "dxlevel 95" (DirectX 9 SM 3.0) and Xbox 360 (which uses "dxlevel 98").

D3D9 renderer with DX10 features

In Source Filmmaker by default, aswell as the original release of Dota 2,^[3] both games runs DX10 level, but still rendered in Direct3D 9.

DirectX 11

For more DX11 features (which may or may not used in third-party Source or Source 2 engine), see Wikipedia's DirectX 11 page.

Introduced in 2009, DirectX 11 requires Windows Vista (with SP2 & Platform Update installed) and later, and some later DX11 versions require Windows 7, 8 or later. Referred to as "dxlevel 110".

DirectX 11-class graphics cards include the Nvidia GeForce 400 (except GeForce 405) series, Intel HD Graphics 2500, HD 4000 (2012), and the ATI Radeon HD 5000 series.

Features

• Shader Model 5.0
• Multithreaded rendering

Supported games

Source 2 natively supports and runs on this version of DirectX by default, but previous versions are also available for older hardware that only support DX9 (except in Dota 2 since 2021 update). Prior to Source 2 (and other Source third-party branch) releases, Titanfall engine branch was the only Source branch that supported DX11.

• All Source 2 games
• Strata Source
• Titanfall engine branch
• Vindictus (D3D11 is available, but the game still uses dxlevel 95 instead.)

DirectX 12

Introduced in 2015, later backported to Windows 7 in 2019. DX12 are not supported on Windows 8 or 8.1. Referred to as "dxlevel 120".

DirectX 12-class graphics cards include the Nvidia GeForce 900 series, Intel HD Graphics (from 2015-2016), and the AMD Radeon 200 (GCN 2.0), Radeon 300 series cards.

Supported games

• Apex Legends - using -anticheat_settings=SettingsDX12.json command line argument
• All games using RTX Remix (including Portal with RTX) - converts D3D9 (DX7 level) to Vulkan then converted again to D3D12.^[5]

Features

For more DX12/D3D12 features (which may or may not used in third-party Source or Source 2 engine), see Wikipedia's Direct3D 12 page.

• Low-level rendering API, similar to Vulkan
• Shader Model 5.1
• Ray tracing (since Windows 10 October 2018 (1809) Update, requires RT-capable GPUs)
• Dynamic refresh rate (since Windows 11)

Sample screenshots

Note:Starting with Source 2007 or Source 2009, all DirectX feature levels prior to DX8 were dropped, while DX9 (since Source 2006) added support for HDR (later improved in Source 2007), color correction and other newer graphical features not present in older engine branches.
Additionally, all screenshots appeared to be based off the default settings (with the exception of Train Station screenshots with maximum settings and MSAA 8X), with no anti-aliasing and little to no anisotropic filtering (or bilinear/trilinear texture filtering).
On some hardware running newer version of Half-Life 2, the game may run at 4X MSAA and has 8X anisotropic filtering by default, unlike previous versions (Old Engine).

Canals

These screenshots demonstrate displacement map texture blending, directional lightmaps and cubemapped then reflective water.

	Old Engine	New Engine (Source 2013)
DirectX 6.0		Unsupported since Source 2007
DirectX 7.0		Unsupported since Source 2007
DirectX 8.0
DirectX 8.1
DirectX 9.0+

Dropship

These screenshots show shadow quality at different rendering levels, ranging from none to soft, dynamic shadows.

	Old Engine	New Engine (Source 2013)
DirectX 6.0		Unsupported since Source 2007
DirectX 7.0		Unsupported since Source 2007
DirectX 8.0
DirectX 8.1
DirectX 9.0+

Storm drain

These screenshots show directional lightmaps and cube-mapped specular effects.

	Old Engine	New Engine (Source 2013)
DirectX 6.0		Unsupported since Source 2007
DirectX 7.0		Unsupported since Source 2007
DirectX 8.0
DirectX 8.1
DirectX 9.0+

Zombie

These screenshots demonstrate the use of normal-mapping on models. The final shot has full, normal-mapped lighting.

	Old Engine	New Engine (Source 2013)
DirectX 6.0		Unsupported since Source 2007
DirectX 7.0		Unsupported since Source 2007
DirectX 8.0
DirectX 8.1
DirectX 9.0+

Train Station (fake volumetric lighting)

These screenshots shows the differences between DirectX 8 and 9 on the fake volumetric lighting. While the DirectX 9.0+ volumetric lighting on Old Engine was slightly less visible compared to DX8 counterpart, the volumetric lighting on New Engine DX9 was even less visible (or nearly invisible) compared to Old Engine's DX9, probably due to a bug (or changes to the lighting) on Source 2007 and later.^[1][2]

	Old Engine	New Engine (Source 2013)
DirectX 6.0		Unsupported since Source 2007
DirectX 7.0		Unsupported since Source 2007
DirectX 8.0
DirectX 8.1
DirectX 9.0+

Portals

These screenshots compares the texture and particles quality on the portals. Also Portal with RTX added here as it's the only Source 2013 game which support DX7 level, but with all of it's materials replaced with PBR-capable materials and real-time ray-traced lighting.

DirectX 7.0 and earlier	Unsupported and non-functional. Screenshot identical to DirectX 8.0.
DirectX 7.0 (Portal with RTX only)
DirectX 8.0
DirectX 8.1
DirectX 9.0+ (without HDR)
DirectX 9.0+ (with HDR)

References

References

1. Jasper Carmack (@JasperCarmack) (April 3, 2024). "Comparing the differences between Half-Life 2 (Legacy / "DX8" shaders) on the left and (Modern) DX9+ shaders on the right.".  X (Twitter). Retrieved September 27, 2024. 2. Jasper Carmack (@JasperCarmack) (April 3, 2024). "When loading the save for comparison, you need to wait a little bit because the light glows are scripted to come on after a delay. So 1 = dx8, 2 = dx9 on load, 3 = dx9 after 5 seconds".  X (Twitter). Retrieved September 27, 2024. 3. User:leonidakarlach (June 4, 2024) - According to dota\cfg\video.txt (generated when the game is launched): "setting.mindxlevel" "92" "setting.maxdxlevel" "100" "setting.dxlevel" "100" The game also report that it's using DirectX 10.0 according to the hidden VGUI Options menu by typing gamemenucommand openoptionsdialog, go to Video > Advanced > Hardware DirectX level. Third-party software like RivaTurner Statistics Server (RTSS) showing that it's still uses Direct3D 9.0, however. 4. PCGH interview about Left 4 Dead, part 2 Doug Lombardi (Valve): Well I mean there is always that tradeoff between taking the time to adopt the engine to a new API, right. And for us we feel like there still things in DX9 that we can achieve without having to go through the pains of moving to DX 10. That is very worthwhile and allows us the time to concentrate on other pieces. So for us as a company and our game designs, we've looked at the tradeoff of the work to move to DX 10 and we have always kind of felt that there is not really enough there for us to delay whatever game we are working on by six to eight month just to say we've a DX10 game. The other thing that is worth mentioning too is to run DX10 natively under the API you have to have both the card and vista. If you google to the Steam hardware survey where we poll peoples machines on Steam you can see that right now there is only about thirteen percent of those people that have both, the DX 10 card and Vista. So you have to look at that as well and say is it worth to investing for thirteen percent of the audience. 5. In the game files, there is dxvk.conf, used to store RTX Remix configuration. The game itself then renders as Direct3D 12 (DX12), confirmed when using third-party applications like RivaTurner Statistics Server (RTSS).