$lightwarptexture

The technique was first used in Day of Defeat's snow maps, such as Kalt.

It is the cornerstone of TF2's illustrative character rendering.

Posterised colour can be achieved, but lighting must be tightly controlled.

Cel shading in action.

$lightwarptexture (DX9+) is a material shader parameter available in all Source games since Source 2006 for VertexLitGeneric, LightmappedGeneric, WorldVertexTransition, EyeRefract. It tints texels depending on their brightness. It can be thought of as localised color correction.

Note: $lightwarptexture must be specified after all other textures, otherwise it will overwrite them.

Warning: Requires phong on VertexLitGeneric in

.

To do: Do games other than

require phong for this to work?

Lightwarp textures

A lightwarp texture is a one-dimensional strip of pixels. Dark texels will be tinted with the colour on the left-hand side, and bright texels with the colour on the right. 50% gray means no tint.

Examples

snow_warp: $dod\materials\ground\snow_warp$; This is the lightwarp texture used in the DOD Source screen to the right. It is designed to add a subtle bluish tint to darker snow, without affecting brighter regions.
pyro_lightwarp: $tf\materials\models\player\pyro\pyro_lightwarp$; This is applied to all TF2 characters, not just the Pyro. It creates the high-contrast shadows with red-tinged terminators typical of the illustrative art the game apes.
Posterised: This custom warp texture creates a posterised "line art" style. Enabling lightwarp alone isn't enough however: ambient lighting must be at 0 to make unlit areas black, and world lighting must become viewer-dependent to ensure that shadows are always cast.