sky_camera

GoldSrc

Source Engine

Source 2

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This is a preserved entity in
If the game has round restart mechanics this entity may not behave as expected.

Class hierarchy
CSkyCamera ↳CLogicalEntity ↳CServerOnlyEntity ↳CBaseEntity
SkyCamera.cpp

sky_camera is a semi-internal point entity available in all Source games. It is used to mark the position of the map's origin inside the 3D Skybox. As your position changes relative to the maps origin it will be scaled and applied relative to the sky_camera.

When the map is compiled, the areas containing sky_camera(s) are skipped during vis calculations. This can be overridden by -forceskyvis on VBSP.

By default, only one sky_camera may be active at a time and it cannot move.

Tip:

• In games with VScript, you can control 3D skyboxes and their properties (including fog) per-player using netprops. This includes making them move. Example script can be found here
• In games without VScript, this workaround can be used instead for multiple or moving skyboxes.
• Duplicate your main env_fog_controller and then turn that into a sky_camera so that the fog settings will be carried over.

Note:Fog values on sky_camera cannot be changed through inputs (unlike env_fog_controller) and the max density keyvalue is missing from the FGD by default.

Confirm:It may be possible to AddOutput the fog keyvalues.

Code:There is some leftover code for multiple sky_camera entities which can be restored in mods. Half-Life 2: Downfall has restored this feature and the work involved is open-source. Downfall's repository can be found here. Mapbase uses the aforementioned Downfall code and also adds native support for moving (and rotating) skyboxes. Mapbase's repository can be found here.

Warning:If the unmodified version of this entity gets removed in the game, then the game will crash.

Todo: Test the modified code for the same issue.

Keyvalues

Name (targetname) <string> !FGD

The targetname that other entities refer to this entity by.

3D Skybox scale (scale) <integer>

This number determines how large objects in your skybox will seem relative to the map.
For example, at a skybox scale of 16, an object 1 unit high in the skybox will seem to be 16 units high to player.

Fog Enable (fogenable) <boolean>

Enable Fog in the Skybox by Default

Fog Blend (fogblend) <boolean>

This will enable blending between two fog colors, based on the direction the player is looking. If the player's viewpoint is equal to the fogdir vector, the fog will be drawn with the secondary color; if facing in the complete opposite direction, the fog will be drawn with the primary color.
This can be used to approximate the aesthetic effect of diffuse light filtering through the fog, but since the fog effect color is changed for the entire rendered scene, it is best to keep the two colors relatively close to make the blending less obvious.
For example, sunlight with a yaw of 45 degrees and a pitch of -45 degrees could be enhanced using a fogdir of '-1 -1 1', a fogcolor of '120 110 100' and a fogcolor2 of '80 70 60'.

Use Angles for Fog Dir (use_angles) <boolean>

Primary Fog Color (fogcolor) <color255>

The Primary Color of the Fog in the Skybox

Secondary Fog Color (fogcolor2) <color255>

The Secondary Color of the Fog in the Skybox that will be blended to

Primary Fog Color (HDR Override) (fogcolor_hdr) <color255> (only in 20th)

The Primary Color of the Fog in the Skybox for HDR maps

Secondary Fog Color (HDR Override) (fogcolor2_hdr) <color255> (only in 20th)

The Secondary Color of the Fog in the Skybox for HDR maps that will be blended to

Primary Fog Dir (fogdir) <string>

A vector (given by three space-separated numbers Y Z X) which points from the secondary fog color fogcolor2 towards the primary fog color fogcolor.

Fog Start (fogstart) <string>

How far from the point-of-view the fog should start. Generally, this should be the same setting as your env_fog_controller.

Fog End (fogend) <string>

How far from the point-of-view the view should be completely fogged. Generally, this should be the same setting as your env_fog_controller.

Fog Max Density (fogmaxdensity) <float> (in all games since ) (also in ) !FGD

Fog Max Density [0..1]. Non-FGD in other games except Garry's Mod.

Use Radial Fog? (fogRadial) <boolean> (only in 20th, , )

Use radial fog instead of planar-based fog. Only in Half-Life 2 20th Anniversary Update, Half-Life: Source (which runs on top of HL2 20th Anniversary base), aswell as all games on Team Fortress 2 branch (since Feb 18, 2025 update).
Radial fog is always used on Left 4 Dead onward, and official maps in games always use radial fog.

Clip 3D sky near plane to world far plane (clip_3D_skybox_near_to_world_far) <boolean> (only in )

3D sky near plane offset (clip_3D_skybox_near_to_world_far_offset) <float> (only in )

Offset for the near clip plane for the 3D sky in world units. This is only used if the above field is true. Negative values to pull closer, etc.

HDR Color Scale (HDRColorScale) <float> (in all games since )

Float value to multiply fog color by when running in HDR mode.

Inputs

ActivateSkybox  (in all games since ) !FGD

Activates targeted sky_camera and disables rest.

Warning:Should your skyboxes have models or brushwork capable of throwing shadows, all shadows of all props from all skyboxes will compile shadows onto your map. Even when the skybox is switched, the shadows on your map will remain.

Workaround:If your skybox geometry cannot have shadows disabled (such as being made out of displacements), use the -noskyboxrecurse VRAD argument, which prevents skybox geometry from shadowing the main level.

See also

• 3D Skybox
• Skybox Basics - an overview article on skybox creation.