Parallax mapping

Example of parallax mapping.

Warning:Parallax maps are disabled in every Valve game, although since Alien Swarm engine branch and later, an (unfinished) shader exists named ParallaxTest, which can be used as an alternative.

Parallax mapping (also known as offset mapping or virtual displacement mapping) is a shading technique that displaces the individual pixel height of a surface so that when you look at it at an angle, the high points will obscure the low points behind them, making it look three-dimensional. The height data for each pixel comes from a $parallaxmap texture, which needs to be created for each parallax mapped material.

Parallax mapping is an enhancement of the bump mapping technique. It is only worthwhile for textures that have a depth of at least a few centimeters, like deep-set bricks or stone.

Creating a parallax mapped material

Creating a heightmap

Regardless of the way you are going to render them, creating parallax mapped materials always starts with creating a heightmap.

Adding a parallax map with the built-in support for parallax maps

Warning:No official version of Source has proper support for parallax mapping as it was removed during Half-Life 2's development for unknown reasons (probably performance as hardware at the time are not powerful enough). Consider implementing other shaders listed on this page, if you want parallax mapping in your source engine project!

Add these two lines to your Valve Material (.vmt) file:

$parallaxmap <texture>

$parallaxmapscale <float>

Fill in the path and name of your heightmap on the first line, and a number between 0 and 1 on the second line. This number affects how deep the texture will look. 0.05 is an appropriate value for bricks.

Example VMT:

"LightmappedGeneric" { "$basetexture" "walls/brickwall" "$surfaceprop" "brick" "$bumpmap" "walls/brickwall_normal" "$parallaxmap" "walls/brickwall_height" "$parallaxmapscale" 0.05 }

Adding a parallax map with the Parallax Occlusion Shader mod

This shader is Obsolete. Its use is discouraged, and it may only exist/function in older engine branches.

Note:This mod is obsolete, it only works with the Source 2006 engine branch and does not work properly with HDR. There is a reincarnation of the Parallax Occlusion Shader mod by the same author but that only works with models. A brush version is in the works. In the meantime, Parallax Occlusion Shader still works with HDR off.

First, in the Valve Material (.vmt) file, after the line

"LightmappedGeneric"

add this line:

//"MN_PrlxLightmappedGeneric"

When playing a map with your parallax mapped material, comment out the first line. When compiling a map with your parallax mapped material in Hammer, comment out the last line. This (according to the author of the mod) is a workaround to a glitch in Source SDK.

Finally, add this line to your VMT file:

"$heightmap" "texture name"

Other parameters you may need:

"$heightscale", defines the "depth" of the effect, takes values 0.0—1.0, default=0.4
"$heightmapsample", default=16

Example VMT:

"MN_PrlxLightmappedGeneric" { "$basetexture" "walls/brickwall" "$surfaceprop" "brick" "$bumpmap" "walls/brickwall_normal" "$heightmap" "walls/brickwall_height" }

Adding parallax map with the PBR shader

Parallax enabled.

Games running on Strata Source or with Thexa4's PBR shader installed can use parallax mapping already. All Strata Source games use a similar method.

Note: Follow the tutorial Adding PBR to Your Mod to implement the shader into your source sdk project. This shader is compatible with HDR and with Source 2013.

Warning:An $mraotexture is needed to use the PBR features.

Parallax Disabled.

To make the effect work you will need to have these 3 parameters in your VMT:

$parallax <bool> - Enables/Disables parallax mapping.

$parallaxdepth <float> - Controls the intensity of the parallax effect.

$parallaxcenter <float> - Center depth of the Parallax Map.

To make the parallax mapping work you will need to put your Heightmap into the Bump map's alpha channel. See Creating PBR materials for a tutorial on how to do this.

Example VMT:

"PBR" { "$basetexture" "pbr/rock_color" "$bumpmap" "pbr/rock_bump" //important you need to put your heightmap into the bumpmaps alpha channel "$mraotexture" "pbr/rock_mrao" "$envmap" "env_cubemap" "$surfaceprop" "Default" "$model" "0" //not needed for Strata games "$parallax" "1" "$parallaxdepth" "0.10" //controls the intensity of the heightmap. Higher values = more depth "$parallaxcenter" "0.65" //controls the height of the highest point on your heightmap. Higher values = Closer to the applied face. Make sure this is adjusted so the highest point is flush with the floor/wall! }

Parallax occlusion mapping in Black Mesa

Black Mesa has its own way of rendering parallax mapping, which was not used in the original campaign, but was used in Black Mesa: Blue Shift for brick walls and the likes. This material shader parameter can be used for LightmappedGeneric and VertexLitGeneric.

Warning:Parallax occlusion mapping is an expensive pixel shader, meaning it has higher performance costs based on its sample count and occupying screen percentage, and should thus be used smartly.

Bug:Parallax occlusion mapping UVs aren't sent to the gbuffer. This means that dynamic lighting will "fly" on a surface with POM and will create additional inaccurate layer from bumpmap (if it is used). The only solution is disabled bumpmap, you also can try to make flat parts of surface in heightmap as white as possible.

Example.

Used POM with bumpmap for this tile.

To make the effect work you will need to have these 3 parameters in your VMT:

$pomscale <float> - Scale of parallax mapping.

Examples

$pomscale 0.02, $pomminsamples 0, $pommaxsamples 300 $pomscale 0.07, $pomminsamples 0, $pommaxsamples 300

$pomminsamples <float> - Min amount of depth samples. The minimum is used at steep glancing angles and far distances.

Note:Higher values have less height stepping far away, but an increased performance cost. Reasonable values are around 0.

Examples

$pomscale 0.09, $pomminsamples 0, $pommaxsamples 300 $pomscale 0.09, $pomminsamples 294, $pommaxsamples 300

$pommaxsamples <float> - Max amount of depth samples. The maximum is used at shallow glancing angles and close distances.

Note:Higher values have less height stepping upclose, but an increased performance cost. Reasonable values are < 100

Examples

$pomscale 0.10, $pomminsamples 0, $pommaxsamples 10 $pomscale 0.10, $pomminsamples 0, $pommaxsamples 500

To make the parallax mapping work you'll need Heightmap. This is not embedded in the Bumpmap, but is instead kept separate in it's own VTF image.

Example VMT:

"LightmappedGeneric" { "$basetexture" "Tile/tilefloor001b" "$heightmap" "Tile/tilefloor001b_h" "$pomscale" "0.07" //controls scale of parallax mapping "$pomminsamples" "0" //controls min depth of parallax mapping. "$pommaxsamples" "100" //controls max depth of parallax mapping. }

See also

• Adding PBR to Your Mod
• Creating PBR materials
• Material Creation
• $parallax
• Normal Map Creation
• Wikipedia:Parallax mapping

External links

• Parallax Occlusion Shader mod Download