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{{first room menu}}
{{first room menu}}


== Brushes ==
Simple 3D solids (cubes, cylinders, etc.) are referred to as [[brush]]es inside the Hammer editor. These objects are the basic building blocks for all maps built for Source.
You are now ready to create the most basic geometry: The [[brush]] object. Brushes are the basic building block for all maps built in the Source engine. Floors, walls and ceilings, and all geometry that aren't models, consist of brushes.
 
Floors, walls and ceilings—in short all geometry other than [[model]]s—consist of brushes.


== Creating brushes ==
== Creating brushes ==
[[Image:hammer_blocktool.jpg |thumb|left|180px| The Block Tool.]]
#Select the {{hammer block}}.  
 
#Specify the size of your brush by clicking and dragging your mouse in the Top 2D View (the upper-right window pane by default) to create a box, as shown in Figure 2.
To build your first brush, select the white box from the list of icons. This is the [[Hammer Block Tool|Block Tool]].<br style="clear:left">
#Create the object by pressing {{key|Enter}}. Alternatively, right-click inside the brush and choose '''Create Object'''.
 
[[Image:hammer_top2dview1.jpg |thumb|right|320px| Clicking and dragging to create a brush.]]
 
Specify the size of your brush by clicking and dragging your mouse in the Top 2D View (the upper-right window pane by default) to create a box, as shown to the right.


Now that you’ve set the shape and size of the brush, you can create it by pressing the ENTER key. You can also do this by clicking your right mouse-button inside the brush and choosing '''Create Object'''.
{{tip|If your object does not appear textured already, click on the Camera view and go to '''View''' > '''3D Textured Polygons''' to view a textured version of your object.}}


The brush you just created has been textured with a default texture in the 3D window, but as this probably is the first time that you're using Hammer, you'll need to change your view to see these textures. Click on the 3D window to select it, then go to the '''View''' menu and choose '''3D Textured Polygons''' (or '''3D Shaded Textured Polygons''' for even fancier results).<br style="clear:both">
{|
| [[File:Hammer blocktool.png|thumb|left|300px| '''Fig. 1''' The Block Tool.]]
| [[File:Hammer top2dview1.png|thumb|left|380px| '''Fig. 2''' Clicking and dragging to create a brush.]]
|}


== Selecting brushes ==
== Selecting brushes ==
[[Image:hammer_selectiontool.jpg |thumb|left|180px|The Selection Tool.]]
[[File:hammer_selectiontool.png|thumb|left|300px|link=Hammer Selection Tool|The Selection Tool.]]


Select the red arrow on top of the list of icons. This is the [[Hammer Selection Tool|Selection Tool]]. It is used to select different objects in the map. With the '''Selection Tool''' selected, select your brush by clicking on it in one of the windows. (In the 2D windows you will need to click on the edges or center of the brush. It is easier to select a brush on the 3D window.)
Click on the {{hammer select}}. It is used to isolate an object or group of objects you wish to manipulate. With the '''Selection Tool''' active, highlight your brush by clicking on it in one of the windows. (In a 2D window click on the edges or center of the brush. In the Camera view, click anywhere on the object.)


You will notice that the selected brush will be marked red, and get eight little white square handles in the 2D views. These handles allow you to rotate and transform the selection (see '''Resizing brushes''', below).<br style="clear:both">
You will notice that the selected brush will be highlighted with red and will get eight little white square handles in the 2D views. These handles allow you to rotate and transform the selection ([[#Resize,_Rotate,_& Skew|see below]]).


Note that the brush looks like a 3D wireframe box. You may be tempted to make it big enough for the camera to be 'inside' the box. Don't do this; flatten the box so that it looks like a thin slab and move it so that the camera is outside of it. Think of the brush as a 3D chunk of ceiling or floor or wall, not a room all by itself. It takes 6 brushes to make a room.
Note that the brush looks like a 3D wireframe box. Flatten the box so that it looks like a thin slab and move it so that the camera is above it. Think of the brush as a 3D chunk of ceiling or floor or wall, not a room all by itself. It takes 6 brushes to make a room.


== The grid ==
{{tip|Hold {{key|Ctrl}} to select multiple objects.}}
The “grid” is displayed in all the 2D views, and you might have noted that the size of your brush “snapped” to the lines of the grid when you created it. This is a good thing, as it helps prevent leaks and other errors—so keep the grid turned on and rarely turn it off.


This doesn’t mean that you cannot create detailed objects. Currently, as you can see at the bottom right, your grid size is 64, which is the default size that you start out with. This means that the grid lines are 64 units apart. You can make the grid smaller or larger by clicking on the size icons in the grid panel up to the left, or by pressing the <code>[</code> and <code>]</code> keys.
{{clr}}


* Clicking the grid icon with the minus sign will make the grid half as big, for finer adjustments.
== The Grid ==
* Clicking the grid icon with the plus sign will make the grid twice as big, for larger adjustments.
A grid is displayed in all the 2D views.  By default, all objects snap to the grid. Although you can turn this off by pressing {{key|Shift|W}}, it is considered good practice to leave it on because it prevents [[leak]]s and other errors in your map.


To help determine the appropriate scales needed for a playable map, please see the article [[Dimensions]]
The default grid size is 64 units, which means that each line is 64 units apart. You can change the grid size by:


== Resizing brushes ==
* Pressing {{key|[}} or {{key|Alt|A}} or clicking the '''Smaller Grid''' icon [[File:hammer_SmallerGrid.png|link=]]. This will make the grid half as small as before, allowing finer adjustments.
[[Image:hammer_brushheightediting.jpg|thumb|320px| Changing the height of the brush.]]
* Pressing {{key|]}} or {{key|Alt|S}} or clicking the '''Larger Grid''' icon [[File:hammer_LargerGrid.png|link=]]. This will make the grid twice as big, for larger adjustments.


To change the size of one of your brushes, select a brush and put your mouse pointer over one of its eight white handles. The cursor should change to arrows, indicating along which axis you can move that handle. To resize, simply click and drag one of these handles.<br style="clear:both">
To help determine the appropriate scales needed for a playable map, please see the article on [[Dimensions]].


{{NavBar|View Navigation|Your First Map|Creating a Room}}
== Resize, Rotate, & Skew ==
{{important|All three of the following operations ''can'' cause vertices to land '''off grid''' which normally is to be avoided, especially for [[world brush]]es. Resizing and skewing single axis-aligned cuboids for example is never problematic whereas rotating any brush by any angle other than 0, 90, 180, ... degrees always results in vertices off grid. Sometimes the {{hammer vertex}} is what you are actually looking for.}}
==== Resize ====
:Scales the selection. Select a brush using the {{hammer select}} and mouse over one of its eight white handles. The cursor should change to arrows, indicating along which axis you can move that handle. To resize, simply click and drag one of these handles.
:{|
| [[File:Hammer resize1.png|frame|none|White squares on each corner mean the brush can be resized.]]
| [[File:Hammer resize2.png|frame|none|Click and drag the edge up or down in any 2D view to resize.]]
|}
==== Rotate ====
:Spins the selection. Select the object you wish to rotate using the {{hammer select}}, then click on the object once again. You should see the squares surrounding the object at the corners turn into circles.
:{|
| [[File:Hammer rotate1.png|frame|none|Circles on each corner mean the brush can be rotated.]]
| [[File:Hammer rotate2.png|frame|none|Click and drag in a circle in any 2D view to rotate.]]
|}
==== Skew ====
:Distorts the selection along an axis. Select the object you wish to skew using the {{hammer select}}, then click twice on the object. You should see small white squares at the center of each edge of the object.
:{|
| [[File:Hammer skew1.png|frame|none|White squares at the center of each edge mean the brush can be skewed.]]
| [[File:Hammer skew2.png|frame|none|Click & drag a white square in any 2D view to skew.]]
|}


[[Category:Level Design Tutorials]]
{{Navbar|View Navigation|Your First Map|Creating a Room}}
[[Category:Level Design]]
[[Category:Tutorials]]

Latest revision as of 05:06, 12 July 2024

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  1. Getting Started
  2. View Navigation
  3. Basic Construction
  4. Creating a Room
  5. Applying Textures
  6. Adding Point Entities
  7. Creating Brush Entities
  8. Adding Light
  9. Adding Prop Models
  10. Saving and Compiling

Simple 3D solids (cubes, cylinders, etc.) are referred to as brushes inside the Hammer editor. These objects are the basic building blocks for all maps built for Source.

Floors, walls and ceilings—in short all geometry other than models—consist of brushes.

Creating brushes

  1. Select the Block tool Hammer block.png.
  2. Specify the size of your brush by clicking and dragging your mouse in the Top 2D View (the upper-right window pane by default) to create a box, as shown in Figure 2.
  3. Create the object by pressing ↵ Enter. Alternatively, right-click inside the brush and choose Create Object.
Tip.pngTip:If your object does not appear textured already, click on the Camera view and go to View > 3D Textured Polygons to view a textured version of your object.
Fig. 1 The Block Tool.
Fig. 2 Clicking and dragging to create a brush.

Selecting brushes

The Selection Tool.

Click on the Selection tool Hammer select.png. It is used to isolate an object or group of objects you wish to manipulate. With the Selection Tool active, highlight your brush by clicking on it in one of the windows. (In a 2D window click on the edges or center of the brush. In the Camera view, click anywhere on the object.)

You will notice that the selected brush will be highlighted with red and will get eight little white square handles in the 2D views. These handles allow you to rotate and transform the selection (see below).

Note that the brush looks like a 3D wireframe box. Flatten the box so that it looks like a thin slab and move it so that the camera is above it. Think of the brush as a 3D chunk of ceiling or floor or wall, not a room all by itself. It takes 6 brushes to make a room.

Tip.pngTip:Hold Ctrl to select multiple objects.

The Grid

A grid is displayed in all the 2D views. By default, all objects snap to the grid. Although you can turn this off by pressing ⇧ Shift+W, it is considered good practice to leave it on because it prevents leaks and other errors in your map.

The default grid size is 64 units, which means that each line is 64 units apart. You can change the grid size by:

  • Pressing [ or Alt+A or clicking the Smaller Grid icon Hammer SmallerGrid.png. This will make the grid half as small as before, allowing finer adjustments.
  • Pressing ] or Alt+S or clicking the Larger Grid icon Hammer LargerGrid.png. This will make the grid twice as big, for larger adjustments.

To help determine the appropriate scales needed for a playable map, please see the article on Dimensions.

Resize, Rotate, & Skew

Icon-Important.pngImportant:All three of the following operations can cause vertices to land off grid which normally is to be avoided, especially for world brushes. Resizing and skewing single axis-aligned cuboids for example is never problematic whereas rotating any brush by any angle other than 0, 90, 180, ... degrees always results in vertices off grid. Sometimes the Vertex tool Mt-vertex.png is what you are actually looking for.

Resize

Scales the selection. Select a brush using the Selection tool Hammer select.png and mouse over one of its eight white handles. The cursor should change to arrows, indicating along which axis you can move that handle. To resize, simply click and drag one of these handles.
White squares on each corner mean the brush can be resized.
Click and drag the edge up or down in any 2D view to resize.

Rotate

Spins the selection. Select the object you wish to rotate using the Selection tool Hammer select.png, then click on the object once again. You should see the squares surrounding the object at the corners turn into circles.
Circles on each corner mean the brush can be rotated.
Click and drag in a circle in any 2D view to rotate.

Skew

Distorts the selection along an axis. Select the object you wish to skew using the Selection tool Hammer select.png, then click twice on the object. You should see small white squares at the center of each edge of the object.
White squares at the center of each edge mean the brush can be skewed.
Click & drag a white square in any 2D view to skew.
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