Ru/$envmap

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Specular reflections at full intensity.

It most commonly used to approximate the specular reflections seen on smooth surfaces, such as metals and plastics. This is achieved by mapping the vertex normals(en) of a model(en) to positions on a cubemap - specified by $envmap - and adding the sampled color from the cubemap to the model's surface. Typically, the cubemap is a simple, static "environment map" which has been pre-rendered (although a custom cubemap can be animated).

When $envmap is set to env_cubemap and buildcubemaps has been run on the map, the engine will automatically select the environment map contained in the BSP(en) which is nearest to the model as it moves through the world, providing a very rough approximation of dynamic reflections.

The other form of specularity supported by Source is the Phong(en) type, which provides simpler reflections on both static and dynamic models.

Availability

$envmap was introduced in Source with and . It is available in all subsequent games.

Баг: The latest Source engine version (v24) of Half-Life: Source does support $envmap if it uses an env_cubemap, but the buildcubemaps command does not work properly. If the cubemaps are built in another game and then the BSP is added into HL:S, they will work fine. Is not clear if in older versions there were more issues; but, due such problems, Valve used static reflective images for every reflective texture in the game.  [нужно проверить в ?]

Syntax

$envmap env_cubemap

"env_cubemap" is typically used, which tells VBSP(en) to swap in the name of the nearest env_cubemap when the map compiles. However, it is also possible to use a static cubemap image that has been manually created.

Примечание:If $envmap is used without specifying $basetexture, the specular reflections will be force drawn regardless of anything.

Примечание:Most Cubemap textures will have no reflectivity when used as overlays or decals. It is unclear why this is so^{[Уточнить]}.

Примечание:Cubemap transparency is affected by the $basetexture alpha/transparency map even when using $envmapmask. This causes conflicting problems.

Creating a custom static cubemap texture

Creating a custom cubemap texture might be required for some circumstances and is used occasionally in some Valve models.

Баг: Cubemaps flagged as sRGB will only properly load as sRGB when HDR(en) is disabled. Either include an HDR .hdr.vtf equivalent for an sRGB-encoded SDR .vtf cubemap, or encode the SDR cubemap in regular RGB.

Подтвердить:What games can actually load SDR cubemaps in HDR mode? handles such fine (printing warnings about missing a proper HDR cubemap in the console), but seems not be able to load SDR cubemaps in HDR mode (regardless of sRGB-ness), resulting in the surface glowing white.

  [нужно проверить в ?]

In VTFEdit(en)

For this to work you will need to have the 6 sides of the cubemap saved as individual textures in the correct orientation for it to appear correctly in the Source Engine. So some faces might need to be rotated either clockwise or counter clockwise. Each face will need to be mirrored horizontally before orientation.

Примечание:Pre- Alien Swarm games require 7 faces for the cubemap to work. The seventh in this case is a round texture, used as a sphere map for the (broken) $envmapsphere parameter. VTFEdit can generate this face automatically, via the "Advanced" tab when importing.

To the right hand side of this page you will find two guide images to aid in properly rotating each side of your environment render.
Save one or both of those guides on your computer and then import your environment render onto it or recreate it in a smaller scale, then rotate your sides as instructed by the images.
Save every side as a separate image file, their names should be the number found on that specific square. This will ensure that the environment texture will be built correctly, as the numbers also represent the import order in VTFEdit(en).

Orientation guide for T-assembled environments. Click to enlarge

Orientation guide for render results. Click to enlarge

Once you have all the image sides ready you can just import them all into VTFEdit and select "Environment Map". Texture format is up to you, generally DXT1 will do.

Enable the "Clamp S" and "Clamp T" texture flags.

Then just save it all as a .vtf file and use it in your VMT like so:

"$Envmap" "effects/my_cubemap"

"effects" is the usual folder for environments/cubemaps You may put yours anywhere you like

In VTEX

VTEX will automatically mirror and orient your faces, you need only to provide correctly named textures. Name each file something like envmap001a*.tga, where * is put BK, FT, LF, RT, UP, or DN. If you took a cubemap screenshot in-game, this step will already by done, but to make them work properly with Vtex.exe you must use HDRShop (but before you need to change textures format to BMP, because HDRShop can only work with that kind of format) and then covert them to PFM files format.

Нужно сделать: What axis does each direction relate to?

Create a text file the same name as your textures (e.g. envmap001a.txt). If building for HDR write in the following, otherwise leave it blank:

pfm 1 // read .pfm file instead of .tga
pfmscale 1 // higher values will result in a brighter sky
nocompress 1 // disable compression (HDR compression is only supported by skyboxes)

Put these files into materialsrc and then just drag-n-drop .txt file into vtex.exe and you should end up with a working cubemap! HDR envmaps will be named like envmap001a.hdr.vtf, and only need to exist to work.

Parameters and Effects

$envmapmask $envmaptint $envmapcontrast $envmapsaturation $envmapframe $envmapmode $basetexturenoenvmap $envmapoptional $envmapsphere $noenvmapmip

A vent without and with reflection tinting. The bottom image lists the material parameters used to create the effect.

$fresnelreflection $envmapfresnel

An in-game example of anisotropic reflections, with $envmapanisotropyscale set to 1.

$envmapfresnelminmaxexp $envmaplightscale $envmaplightscaleminmax $envmapanisotropy $envmapanisotropyscale

Console commands

buildcubemaps(en)

Generates cubemaps for use in materials. If this isn't run, objects will reflect the skybox (OB) or have an invalid reflection, white in Ep1 and pink checkerboards in MP.

envmap

Generates an environment map at the player's position and dumps it in cubemap_screenshots/, in six separate PFM files (or, if running without HDR, TGA files).

Совет:Cubemaps created this way will capture dynamic entities and models in them, which are normally hidden when using buildcubemaps.

mat_envmaptgasize <целое число(en)>

Sets the resolution for the files created with envmap. Default value: 32

mat_fastspecular <булева переменная(en)>

Quickly disable or enable specular rendering without reloading materials. This does not affect performance, only appearance. mat_specular must be used for proper performance testing.

Баг:Doesn't work in some games.  [нужно проверить в ?]

Примечание:Despite common misconception, setting this to 0 does not enable a "fancy specular" mode, it simply disables specular rendering entirely.

mat_specular <булева переменная(en)>

Disable or enable specular reflections, unloading or loading the specular materials from memory. Default 1.

r_showenvcubemap <булева переменная(en)>

Debug command to display cubemaps on all dynamic objects at full intensity. It was used to create the image at the start of this article.

See also

• $envmapmask(en) (specular mask)
• $phong(en) (for diffuse reflection)
• Cubemap(en)