Choreography creation

This tutorial covers the creation of choreographed scenes (or simply scenes) in Source engine games or mods. It intends to carve a path through the choreographing process, and when it is complete, it will enable you to create a scene from scratch.

Note, however, that it is not a one-stop solution. Not all techniques or interface features are covered, although you can be sure that anything omitted is optional.

Bug:(Source SDK only) Faceposer's UI icons are broken by default (or will not shown if the gfx folder containing the icons are missing). Also in Half-Life 2 (since 20th anniversary), Faceposer may not display the UI icons at all (if Faceposer is launched with hl2, instead of hl2_complete).  [todo tested in ?]

Fix:Extract this file to the following directory:
Source SDK app (for & ): sourcesdk\bin\game\, where game is the name/abbreviation of the game you're working on, e.g., source2007 or ep1.
Source SDK 2013 (SP and MP): sourcemods\game\
Half-Life 2 (since 20th anniversary): Copy gfx folder from hl2 and paste it into hl2_complete, then launch Faceposer with hlfaceposer.exe -game ..\hl2_complete. If it still doesn't display then replace the gfx with one from the link above.

Note:The UI icon issues are not affected in some Source games, such as Left 4 Dead 2, Alien Swarm and later Source games.

Definitions

Half-Life 2: Episode One introduced version 2 of Source's powerful facial animation system.

Choreography

A set of instructions stored in a VCD "scene" that dictate scripted or semi-scripted behavior for NPCs, which may include any of the items below as well as interactions with the world in general.

Note:VCD files must be compiled into scenes.image before they can be used (in all games since ) (not in ).

Actor

An NPC involved in a scene.

Speech

Choreography should be used for all but the very simplest of NPC speech. A scene defines when the Speech Event takes place, which is vital for synchronizing expression and animation data with dialogue.

Files should be 4-bit Microsoft ADPCM ("MS ADPCM") monaural WAV files at 44 kHz (44100 Hz). Uncompressed 16-bit PCM can also be used, but this will quadruple file size with negligible quality improvements.

Lip synch

Lip synch data (Phonemes) are stored in the raw WAV speech file rather than the choreography VCD for portability, reliability, and localization reasons, but they are still created with Faceposer. While Faceposer can automatically extract lip synch data, better results can usually be attained by hand-tweaking its output.

Facial expressions

Much effort has been put into the Source engine's facial animation technology, and the result is a flexible, portable, slider-based system. Facial expressions (Flex Animations) are created in Faceposer and stored either directly in a scene's .vcd, or in an external .txt file as reusable Expressions.

Skeletal animations

Faceposer can be used to play and tweak the skeletal animation of its actors. They either can be blended together and manipulated (Gestures), or take absolute control (Sequences).

Note:Faceposer cannot create skeletal animation—that requires a 3D modelling package. See Category:Modeling.

Blend animations / Blend gestures

Small skeletal movements that only make sense when blended with another animation. They are often used to add variety or character to bigger animations.

Tip:Dr. Breen's laughing animation from the climax of Half-Life 2, b_bg_laugh, is a blend gesture. Viewed in HLMV, it can be seen to be no more than the upper body jolting slightly.

Before You Start

Faceposer playing back a complex Half-Life 2 scene.

There are several limitations you should be aware of before you begin creating choreography:

• You are a slave to your voice actor's talents. Unless you are mixing it up a little and having recorded dialogue follow choreographed animations, or making a scene without speech, you will always be following your voice actors' cues and delivery. If the written and/or recorded dialogue is bland, you will have a hard time creating choreography that isn't either ridiculous or bland itself.
• You are limited to your digital actors' animations. While Faceposer can manipulate Gestures with aplomb, it cannot create new ones. Valve's stock actors in particular suffer from limited animation sets: their libraries have been designed around what Valve used, not what third-party choreographers might need. Prominent actors like Alyx will probably have what you are looking for, but minor or generic characters will present problems without custom animation work. Until and unless Valve provide a wider set of stock animations, serious choreographers should learn animation skills or join a mod team.
• You will need a big enough screen. Faceposer's interface elements are quite large, and a lot of the time you will want to have several on display at once to be able to see what you are doing. 1024x768 is the absolute minimum window size for choreographing.

Tutorial Structure

This tutorial will cover all aspects of choreography creation, from the drafting of basic structure to its implementation in a gameplay environment. There is a menu in the top right of each page for navigation, but this introduction also includes a complete tutorial map for quick reference:

1. Introduction
   • Definitions
   • Before you start
   • Tutorial structure
2. Setting up your scene
   • Organize your dialogue
   • Create a scene framework
   • Analyze your dialogue
   • Choose your Actors
   • Place Event Tags
3. Creating Events
   • The Timeline
   • Event creation and manipulation
   • Ramp manipulation
   • Event types
   • Body animation
     • Source's animation technology
     • Types of animation
     • Finding an animation
     • Timing Tag manipulation
   • Facial expressions
     • Facial animation types
     • Creating static Expressions
     • Creating Flex Animations
     • When not to use facial animation
   • Other Events
     • NULL Gesture
     • Look at Actor
     • Face Actor
     • Move to Actor
     • Fire Trigger
     • Generic(AI)
     • Sub-scene
     • Permit responses
     • Section Pause
     • Loop
     • Fire Completion
4. Lip synching
5. Implementation
   • Set-piece scenes
   • Dynamic scenes
6. Community Showcase