Zh/Source 2/Docs/Level Design/3D Skybox Creation

介绍

这篇文章将从头开始介绍起源2创建3DSkybox的方法。另外还包括一个步骤，在起源2中为3DSkybox提供光照。起源2中的步骤与起源1有所出入。

与起源1不同，起源2中的3DSkybox是在编译后的.vmap文件中创建的，与实际地图分开，然后在hammer中加载预览，并通过Skybox参考点实体选择您的"3DSkybox .vmap"。你的3DSkybox地图的光照也需要与你的主地图分开，否则你的3DSkybox将没有光照——此外，3DSkybox自身也需要2DSkybox设置，以便在你的地图中加载和使用预览编辑器。

当我们想要给玩家一种规模感和沉浸感、真实感时，3DSkybox就会派上用场，它会在地图的可玩范围内提供一个看似一个人口十分密集而充实的世界，给玩家造成一种十分真实的幻觉。 通常情况下，玩家不会近距离看到这些资产，而且这些资产通常是由十分低质量的模型组成的，这些模型的渲染成本很低，在远处时玩家很难察觉到模糊感。

3DSkybox还提供了统一缩放所有内容的功能，将Sky_camera实体作为向外缩放的参考原点。 这在某些情况下是很有用的，例如你必须准确描绘某种类型的巨大的建筑，而不受渲染距离的限制，在将其置于实际地图的较远位置时，会切断并且模糊化建筑。

在 Half-Life Alyx中的第一个关卡a1_intro_world中, 巨大的城堡与其他小建筑都是3DSkybox的升级部分。

地图属性

sky_camera 对象属性

skybox_reference 对象属性

Valve的a1_intro_world 3D skybox 在编辑器下的情况

需要

本篇文章仅专注于在Hammer中创建3DSkybox与提供光照，并假设您使用的是Valve提供的半条命Alyx车间工具，没有任何改变或修改。 你需要知道标准2DSkybox的设置，起源2中的环境光照设置与如何编译地图。

并非所有用来创建3DSkybox的实体都在Valve Developer Wiki上有文档，但它们大多都很好理解。

本篇文章中将使用的实体如下:

• sky_camera
• skybox_reference
• env_sky
• light_environment

创建

3D Skybox

1. 点击 File → New Ctrl+N 创建一个空白地图。
2. 然后点击 Map → Map Properties Ctrl+⇧ Shift+P,把 Map Type 的 Standard 换成 3D Skybox。 其他设置不变。
3. 接下来创建一个 sky_camera 点实体, 然后将它置于世界原点坐标:0,0,0(2D网格中心交叉的两条水色线表示)的中心。 你也可以通过对象属性来调整，在选择模式下选中并双击 sky_camera 实体 (或在选中后依次按 Alt+↵ Enter), 然后在Transform类别下调整值。 其他不变。
4. At this point, the map is technically ready to be loaded and used as a 3D Skybox - the last step is to compose the visual elements of your 3D skybox, e.g. static or animated models, meshes, particle effects.
5. Once you are finished creating the 3D skybox elements, save your map to your addon's maps folder, or a sub-folder within the maps folder for organizing.
6. Lastly, compile the 3D skybox .vmap like you would compile a normal map, to allow it to load in-game.

Adding the 3D Skybox to your map

1. Load your map file.
2. Create a skybox_reference point entity, and place it perfectly centered at the world origin coordinates just like the sky_camera in previous steps. This is the entity that determines the location the 3D skybox will be created at, relative to the sky_camera coordinates in the 3D skybox map file.
3. Open the Object Properties of the skybox_reference, and change the Map Name keyvalue by clicking on the blue magnifying glass icon to open the local asset browser.
4. In the Name Filter field at the top of the asset browser, type in the name of the 3D Skybox .vmap, and select it from the list.

Lighting your 3D Skybox

As briefly touched on during the introduction, you will immediately notice a lack of lighting on your 3D skybox elements as they may appear blacked out; including that the 2D skybox has now gone missing in the editor preview of your map. Your 3D Skybox .vmap will now need its own light_environment to properly light up any models or meshes contained in it, and its own env_sky to keep the 2D skybox active in the editor preview.

The issue with the 2D skybox disappearing is likely due to the 3D Skybox overriding your actual map's 2D skybox - and since one doesn't presently exist in the 3D skybox until you create one, it has no skybox material to load. This stems from how the 3D skybox exists in a separate map file, as explained in the introduction, and it will not take on any lighting from entities in your actual map.

1. To fix these issues and properly light your skybox elements, copy your map's light_environment and env_sky entities Ctrl+C and paste them (Ctrl+V, or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+V for Paste Special) into your 3D Skybox .vmap. This ensures that the light_environment and the env_sky maintains the same settings, angles, sky material, etc, as your actual map.
2. You are now finished with this guide, and should have a working and properly lit 3D skybox in-editor and in-game.

额外

笔记

• Don't forget to compile your 3D skybox the first time you finish building it, including at any time you make changes to it in the future.
• The skybox_reference entity can be freely rotated on any axis if needed, much like an env_sky, or light_environment.
• Remember to always place the sky_camera and skybox_reference entities at the exact same coordinates in both your actual map, and the map you're creating the 3D skybox in.
• Distance based fog can be applied to your 3D skybox in the sky_camera properties, and will only affect your 3D skybox - leaving you with more control over fog in your actual map. This fog behaves in the same way as sky_camera distance-based fog in the Source engine.

致谢

• Discord的用户Trevor#7686分享了在起源2中创建3DSkybox与起源1引擎的不同之处

• Discord用户youmenow1#0369告知了我们需要编译3D Skybox .vmap - youmenow1's Steam Profile