Ru/VRAD

VRAD - это инструмент командной строки, который берет скомпилированную BSP карту и встраивает в неё данные освещения. Он генерирует статическое и прекомпилированное освещение используя алгоритм radiosity.

Что делает VRAD:

• Сгенерирует карты освещения
• Сгенерирует окружающее освещение
• Сгенерирует по-объектное или по-вершинное prop_static и detail prop освещение

VRAD это, скорее всего, самый медленный из трех компиляторов, так как он производит огромное количество вычислений. Оптимизация освещения может помочь также как и проверка карты на отсутствие утечек.

Синтаксис

vrad [options...] <bsp file>

Например:

"Half-Life 2\bin\vrad.exe" -both -StaticPropLighting sdk_trainstation_01

Это сгенерирует и встроит стандартное и HDR освещение для каждого вертекса статичных пропов.

Параметры

Используйте их в комбинации с expert compile mode или пакетным файлом.

Эффекты

-ldr

-hdr

-both

Whether to compile standard or High Dynamic Range lighting, or both.

Примечание:In , you need to compile with -hdr in order have proper lighting since LDR isn't supported.

-fast

Quick and dirty lighting. Don't ship with this.

-final

Increases the quality of light_environment and indirect lighting by spending more time firing rays.

-extrasky <int>

Trace N times as many rays for indirect light and sky ambient.

(-final is equivalent to -extrasky 16; normal is equivalent to -extrasky 1)

-lights <filename>.rad

Load a custom lights file in addition to lights.rad and map-specific lights file. Include the file extension in the parameter.

-bounce <int>

Set the maximum number of light ray bounces (default: 100).

-smooth <int>

Set the threshold for smoothing groups, in degrees (default: 45).

-luxeldensity <normal>

Scale down all luxels. Default (and maximum) value is 1.

-softsun <float>

Treat the sun as an area light source of this many degrees. Produces soft shadows. Recommended values are 0-5, default is 0. Identical to the SunSpreadAngle parameter in light_environment.

-StaticPropLighting

Generate per-vertex prop_static lighting; always enabled for light_spot entities. Disables info_lighting entities on props WITHOUT normal maps. Does not work on props with Phong Enabled, except in .

Примечание:In , in order to get proper lighting on your static props, you will need to run VRAD with this command.

Template:EP2 add

Perform shadow tests of prop_statics at polygon precision. Default is to use collision meshes.

Template:EP2 add

Generates lightmap shadows from $translucent surfaces of models (NOT brushes) that are specified in a lights file and being used with prop_static. Usually requires -StaticPropPolys to have any effect.

Примечание:A surface will need a low lightmap scale for most texture shadows to be recognisable.

Template:CSGO add

Scales the intensity of VRAD's simulated ambient occlusion. 1.0 is default.

Совет:Valve uses 1.5 for the new Dust 2.

Template:CSGO add

Number of static prop light bounces to simulate. The default is 0.

Совет:Valve uses 3 static prop bounces for the new Dust 2.

Примечание:Any static props that you want light to bounce off of must also have their "Enable Bounced Lighting" keyvalue set.

Производительность

-low

Run as a low-priority process.

-threads <int>

Override the number of CPU threads used. Maximum is 16 threads. With a patched vrad_dll you can use 32 threads.

-mpi

Use VMPI to distribute computations.

-mpi_pw <string>

Use a password to choose a specific set of VMPI workers.

-noextra

Disable supersampling.

-chop <int>

Smallest number of luxel widths for a bounce patch, used on edges.

-maxchop <int>

Coarsest allowed number of luxel widths for a patch, used in face interiors.

-LargeDispSampleRadius

This can be used if there are splotches of bounced light on terrain. The compile will take longer, but it will gather light across a wider area.

-compressconstant <int>

Compress lightmaps whose color variation is less than this many units.

-fastambient <int>

Нужно сделать: What is this?

Template:CSGO add

Regulates the generated per-vertex prop_static lighting.

slow: 16 (high quality); default: 4 (normal); fast: 0.25 (low quality)

Примечание:-final is the equivalent of having -StaticPropLightingScale 16.

Отладка

-rederrors

Emit red light when "a luxel has no samples".

-vproject <directory>

-game <directory>

Override the VPROJECT environment variable.

-insert_search_path <directory>

Нужно сделать: What does this do?

-v

-verbose

Turn on verbose output.

-novconfig

Don't bring up graphical UI on vproject errors.

-dump

Dump patches to debug files.

-dumpnormals

Write normals to debug .txt files.

-debugextra

Places debugging data in lightmaps to visualize supersampling.

-dlightmap

Force direct lighting into different lightmap than radiosity.

-stoponexit

Wait for a keypress on exit.

-nodetaillight

Don't light detail props.

-centersamples

Move sample centers.

-loghash

Log the sample hash table to samplehash.txt.

-onlydetail

Only light detail props and per-leaf lighting.

-maxdispsamplesize #

Set max displacement sample size (default: 512).

-FullMinidump

Write large minidumps on crash.

-OnlyStaticProps

Only perform direct static prop lighting.

-StaticPropNormals

When lighting static props, just show their normal vector.

-noskyboxrecurse

Turn off recursion into 3d skybox (skybox shadows on world).

-nossprops

Globally disable self-shadowing on static props.

Template:2013 add

Dump computed prop lightmaps.

Файлы освещения

A light file is a plain text file that can be used to manipulate the way VRAD handles given materials when compiling static lighting. All lights files must have the .rad file extension and must be in the same folder as your gameinfo.txt.

There are:

1. lights.rad, the global file.
2. An auto-loaded map light file, using the format <map name>.rad. The file must be placed in the same folder as <map name>.vmf.
3. Any number of additional lights files that can be added with the -lights parameter.

Правила

Lights files perform these functions, one rule per line:

<material> <red> <green> <blue> <intensity> <hdr_red> <hdr_green> <hdr_blue> <hdr_intensity>

Makes the material emit the given light value when applied to a brush face (hdr_ values are optional). Texture scale has an effect on final intensity.

Примечание:materials that aren't in a folder must have a slash before their name.

Примечание:The material itself doesn't emit anything, it instead creates light entities on its face.

Предупреждение:A func_detail with an emissive material applied on any face will automatically cause VRAD to fail!

noshadow <material name>

Prevents the named material from casting shadows.

forcetextureshadow <model path>.mdl

Enables translucency shadow testing for a model when VRAD is run with -TextureShadows. Path is relative to the models folder.

ldr:

hdr:

Prefixes to make any rule only apply to LDR or HDR lighting.

hdr:ldr:

Lines beginning with both tags (in that order) will always be ignored by VRAD. Can be used to add comments or quickly disable some entries.

См. также

• Теория компиляции карт
• HDR Lighting Basics
• VRAD HDR Crash Fix
• Static Props show up black