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An instance is a map (.vmf) file(en) referenced inside another map through a func_instance, possibly aided by a func_instance_parms and/or func_instance_io_proxy.

Примечание:While working inside Hammer(en) for all Source games, instances are currently only supported by the map compilers for Left 4 Dead 2, Alien Swarm, Portal 2, Team Fortress 2, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, and Source 2013, and therefore will not work for any other games. To use them in unsupported games, see below.

Примечание:In branches before Left 4 Dead 2, instances have some broken or missing functionality: instance I/O system is unsupported, instances cannot be nested, displacements within an instance may not compile properly and any env_cubemaps inside of an instance will not be compiled into the final map.

Экземпляры полезны во многих отношениях:

• Они предоставляют более динамичную альтернативу prefabs(en), так как любые изменения в экземпляре карты будут отражены во всех его экземплярах.
• Они предоставляют альтернативу visgroups(en), так как их можно использовать для разделения большой, громоздкой карты на несколько более мелких, управляемых (которые могут даже обрабатываться несколькими авторами одновременно).
• Они предоставляют простой способ редактировать части карты, которые должны быть под неортогональным углом. (Постройте карту на сетке внутри отдельной карты, а затем скопируйте ее на другую карту с помощью func_instance, повернутого на правильный угол.
• They provide a way for maps to work on multiple platforms, such as Left 4 Dead(en) and Left 4 Dead 2(en) versions of the same map.

How to

In Portal 2 to give input to an entity within a instance use this:

	My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
	<Output>	<Instance>	instance:<entity>;<input>	<none>	0.00	No

Or, alternatively, you can do this:

	My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
	<Output>	<Instance>-<entity>	<input>	<none>	0.00	No

Manifests

^{[Нужно сделать]}

Workaround for any Source game

To use instances in unsupported Engine versions, Metapyziks wrote a program that merges used instances with the main VMF.

• Set up tutorial and source code
• VMFII releases

Also see

• L4D2 Level Design/VMF Instances(en) - A Valve tutorial on how to use instances in Left 4 Dead 2.
• Working with instances(en) - A tutorial on how to use instances in Portal 2.

External links

• Source SDK Tutorial - Manifest Tool (YouTube)
• Manifests and Version Control Tutorial (TF2Maps.net)