Screen Space Ambient Occlusion (SSAO): Difference between revisions

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{{TODO|Re-write entire article. Description of AO is inaccurate and incorrect in many places.}}
{{Todo|Document about HBAO, alternative to SSAO which can be forced through GPU driver control panel (or NVIDIA Profile Inspector).}}
'''Ambient Occlusion (AO)''' is a type of [[lighting]] technique applied in-game to create more realistic lighting. AO simulates global ambient lighting. AO can be rendered in real-time through '''[[Wikipedia:Screen Space Ambient Occlusion|Screen Space Ambient Occlusion (SSAO)]]''', a shading method which is able to closely simulate the effects of real AO with little loss of performance.
[[File:AmbientOcclusionExample.jpg|right|210px|thumb|An example of traditional ''prerendered'' ambient occlusion in Blender 3D. SSAO attempts to mimic this look in real-time.]]


SSAO works by examining an onscreen pixel, and then comparing its location in the depth buffer to the pixels around it. Pixels which are close together but not coplanar (on the same face) are shaded to simulate soft shadows. To maintain playable framerates, it is not possible to sample every pixel every frame, so random sampling is used, which will inevitably create noise/grain which may be more noticeable with movement. To counter this, the SSAO pass is often Gaussian blurred to remove such grain.
{{note | Not to be confused with baked ambient occlusion on models!}}


Because the depth buffer is measured from the camera, the shading may look different along the edges of the screen. This can be combated by rendering additional information outside of the current camera's bounds.
{{TODO|Expand the article to include different methods of SSAO. The method described is one of many.}}<br>
 
'''Screen Space Ambient Occlusion''' ('''SSAO''') works by examining an onscreen pixel, and then comparing its location in a [[depth buffer]] to the pixels around it. Pixels which are close together but not coplanar (on the same face) are shaded to simulate soft shadows. To maintain playable framerates, it is not possible to sample every pixel every frame, so random sampling is used, which will inevitably create noise/grain which may be more noticeable with movement. To counter this, the SSAO pass is often blurred to remove such grain.
 
As with traditional AO, SSAO is completely independent of the normal lighting system. This means that both the performance and appearance of the shader are unaffected by the lights used in a level.
 
The depth buffer is measured from the camera, and so SSAO is view-dependent - the size and locations of the "shadows" created by SSAO may change as the player moves the camera around. Additionally, the shading may look different along the edges of the screen - this can be combated by rendering additional information outside of the current camera's bounds.
 
==Source Filmmaker==
[[Source Filmmaker]] includes an SSAO option (labelled "Ambient Occlusion"), accessible by right-clicking on the viewport. The default setting is very grainy. {{todo|Adjust number of samples?}}


== SSAO in the Source Engine ==
== SSAO in the Source Engine ==
{{Note|For faked Ambient Occlusion per model within the Source Engine, see [[$ambientocclusion]].}}
* The original release of {{dota2|4}} aswell as {{sfm|1}}, and all games on {{titanfall|4}} branch are the only {{src|4}} games and software that support SSAO.
{{TODO|Write a tutorial on how to increase the drawn depth in Source's depth buffer. SSAO will only work 128 units ahead unless this is done first.}}
* However, as SSAO is a post-processing effect, you can use third-party software (ReShade), or [[Source Shader Editor]] to add SSAO. Alternatively, it is possible to use the superior HBAO ambient occlusion, which can be forced through GPU driver control panel (or by using NVIDIA Profile Inspector).
<br>{{TODO|Write a tutorial on creating an SSAO shader and implementing it into the engine. See [[Shader Authoring]].}}
{{Note|For baked Ambient Occlusion maps per model within the Source Engine, see [[$ambientocclusion]].}}
{{Note|A post process SSAO shader currently ships with the [[Source_shader_editor| Source Shader Editor]].}}
{{TODO|Write a tutorial on creating an SSAO shader and implementing it into the engine. See [[Shader Authoring]].}}
{{Note|I am currently writing a tutorial on implementing SSAO into Source Engine [http://www.moddb.com/games/lost-squad/tutorials/source-engine-implementing-simple-ssao-shader-part-1 here] (DmitRex).}}
 
==External links==
*[[Wikipedia:Ambient occlusion]]
*[[Wikipedia:Screen Space Ambient Occlusion]]

Latest revision as of 21:47, 8 February 2025

Stub

This article or section is a stub. You can help by expanding it.

Todo: Document about HBAO, alternative to SSAO which can be forced through GPU driver control panel (or NVIDIA Profile Inspector).
An example of traditional prerendered ambient occlusion in Blender 3D. SSAO attempts to mimic this look in real-time.
Note.pngNote: Not to be confused with baked ambient occlusion on models!
Todo: Expand the article to include different methods of SSAO. The method described is one of many.


Screen Space Ambient Occlusion (SSAO) works by examining an onscreen pixel, and then comparing its location in a depth buffer to the pixels around it. Pixels which are close together but not coplanar (on the same face) are shaded to simulate soft shadows. To maintain playable framerates, it is not possible to sample every pixel every frame, so random sampling is used, which will inevitably create noise/grain which may be more noticeable with movement. To counter this, the SSAO pass is often blurred to remove such grain.

As with traditional AO, SSAO is completely independent of the normal lighting system. This means that both the performance and appearance of the shader are unaffected by the lights used in a level.

The depth buffer is measured from the camera, and so SSAO is view-dependent - the size and locations of the "shadows" created by SSAO may change as the player moves the camera around. Additionally, the shading may look different along the edges of the screen - this can be combated by rendering additional information outside of the current camera's bounds.

Source Filmmaker

Source Filmmaker includes an SSAO option (labelled "Ambient Occlusion"), accessible by right-clicking on the viewport. The default setting is very grainy.

Todo: Adjust number of samples?

SSAO in the Source Engine

  • The original release of Dota 2 Dota 2 aswell as Source Filmmaker, and all games on Titanfall Titanfall branch are the only Source Source games and software that support SSAO.
  • However, as SSAO is a post-processing effect, you can use third-party software (ReShade), or Source Shader Editor to add SSAO. Alternatively, it is possible to use the superior HBAO ambient occlusion, which can be forced through GPU driver control panel (or by using NVIDIA Profile Inspector).
Note.pngNote:For baked Ambient Occlusion maps per model within the Source Engine, see $ambientocclusion.
Note.pngNote:A post process SSAO shader currently ships with the Source Shader Editor.
Todo: Write a tutorial on creating an SSAO shader and implementing it into the engine. See Shader Authoring.
Note.pngNote:I am currently writing a tutorial on implementing SSAO into Source Engine here (DmitRex).

External links

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