Panorama

Panorama - новый фреймворк интерфейса, созданный Valve. Он схож с современными языками веб-разработки (HTML5/CSS/JS), и позволяет быстро создавать интерфейсы высокого качества и производительности, которые интегрируются с игровым контентом (модели, системы частиц, др.)

Панорама полностью заменяет Scaleform для разработки пользовательского интерфейса в Dota. Для Workshop tools, UI панели пользовательского интерфейса и новые UI в Custom games реализуются с помощью панорамы. Dota HUD по-прежнему используется Scaleform, но в конечном итоге была преобразованы в панораму. Инструменты движка Source 2 имеют совсем другой набор требований и поэтому реализован на C++ и QT - они не будут перенесены в панорамы.

Концепт панорамы

Панели

Смотрите: Dota 2 Workshop Tools/Panorama/Panels(en)

Панели являются строительными блоками любого пользовательского интерфейса(Panorama). (В веб-термины, панель по сути являются HTML-элементами.) Все, что вы видите в панораме пользовательского интерфейса - надписи, изображения, кнопки - это панель.

Формат .XML (Файлы макета)

XML files are the skeleton of your data: they describe what panels are in your UI and their hierarchical layout. They can be found here:

content/dota_addons/ADDON_NAME/panorama/layout/custom_game/*.xml

A complex Panorama UI is usually authored as multiple XML files for simplicity and clarity. (This also allows repeated elements in the UI to be authored in a single place.) For example, a scoreboard may consist of a "root" XML file for the main scoreboard layout, a second "team" XML file that describes how each team is represented, and a third "player" XML file that describes how each player on each team is represented.

.CSS (Style Sheets)

CSS files describe how the elements from your XML are presented. They can be found here:

content/dota_addons/ADDON_NAME/panorama/styles/custom_game/*.css

There are three sources for documentation about the supported CSS properties:

The CSS Properties(en) page

The properties panel inside of the Panorama Debugger(en)

The "dump_panorama_css_properties" console command, which will always print out the most up-to-date documentation

The Panorama Layout(en) page is also a good resource for getting an overview about how the Panorama layout system works.

.JS (Javascript)

See: Dota 2 Workshop Tools/Panorama/Javascript(en)

JS files are Javascript code that allows your UI to respond to user input or changing game state. They can be found here:

content/dota_addons/ADDON_NAME/panorama/scripts/custom_game/*.js

Events

See: Dota 2 Workshop Tools/Panorama/Events(en)

Panorama events are a way to communicate between different Panels. They are similar to javascript functions, but have different rules around routing and handling. Events are useful to simplify many common tasks when creating custom UI with Panorama.

Similarity to the Web

If you are familiar with web development, a Panorama XML file closely resembles an HTML5 document, a CSS file is nearly identical to its web counterpart (without the complexity of browser compatibility), and JS files are the same JavaScript you're familiar with. (With a slightly different library of functionality.)

If you're not familiar with web development, you can still benefit from the similarity. Most Panorama features are sufficiently similar to their web counterparts that searching online for documentation can be very helpful. If you want to learn more about web development, a good place to start is: https://www.javascript.com

Differences from the Web

• Some parts of CSS have been tweaked to make them simpler or easier to use
• In javascript, the JQuery-style '$' panel selector is very limited. It can currently only match a single panel by ID. If there is no matching panel it will return null instead of a empty selector, which can result in unexpected JS errors.
• Some web features are simply missing, due to lack of need or their complexity/cost

Scaleform in Custom Games

We will be deprecating the use of Scaleform for Dota Custom Games.

Scaleform will initially remain functional during the Beta, but Custom Games that use Scaleform or ActionScript will eventually stop working. We're excited about Panorama and think it will allow more people to author higher quality UI, but it's very different from Scaleform. If you run into missing features while converting your UI features to Panorama, please let us know on the Dev Forums.

Authoring Panorama UI

Getting Started

The root of any custom game Panorama UI is the Custom UI Manifest(en):

content/dota_addons/ADDON_NAME/panorama/layout/custom_game/custom_ui_manifest.xml

Workflow

When running the Dota tools, XML, CSS, and JS files in the content/ folder are monitored like any other content files and auto-recompiled and reloaded when you make changes. (This will only happen when the UI is active - an unused XML will only be compiled once it's actually used.)

Panorama generally does a good job updating the UI to take into account these dynamic changes, but some changes are too drastic for it to correctly update the UI. If you are seeing unexpected results, you may need to reload your map (dota_launch_custom_game ADDON_NAME MAP_NAME) to ensure the UI is fully refreshed.

Panorama Debugger

The Panorama Debugger(en) is an extremely useful tool for debugging your UI and learning how existing UI is put together.

Tips

• Inline style is not good practice but good for prototyping: <Panel style="border: 1px solid red;" /> (remember your closing ';' in the style!)
• If you're having a hard time finding your panel, it can be very helpful to add a temporary 'border: 1px solid red;' or explicit width/height.
• $.Msg( "In function foo():", some_data ); is your friend!
• You can use the 'dota_custom_ui_debug_panel <element_type>' debug command to force a type of UI to be visible when it otherwise wouldn't be. The element_type is a numeric value from DotaCustomUIType (eg. for end screen: 'dota_custom_ui_debug_panel 5')

Localization

Multi-language support in Panorama is described here: Dota 2 Workshop Tools/Panorama/Localization(en)

Valve-Provided Panorama UI

As part of our example game mode "Overthrow" we created several new UI components that can be used directly for your custom game, or as a starting point to create your own unique UI. These are primarily designed to handle a wide range of team and player arrangements beyond normal Dota 5v5.

See Valve Provided UI(en) for more information.

Additional Topics

Custom Loading Screens

Custom loading screens are separate from the normal UI manifest because they are loaded earlier.

The loading screen is a normal Panorama XML and will be loaded from: content/dota_addons/ADDON_NAME/panorama/layout/custom_game/custom_loading_screen.xml

Примечание:Loading screens should be as lightweight as possible, since they have to be loaded too! They should also avoid being computationally-heavy, as that can slow down the loading process.

Примечание:You should not reference game content (3D models, particle systems, etc.) in a loading screen, as this can interfere with the normal loading process.

Custom Hud Elements

A simpler but less powerful API to display XMLs on clients directly from server Lua code.

Function	Signature	Description
CustomUI.DynamicHud_Create	void DynamicHud_Create(int, string, string, handle)	Create a new custom UI HUD element for the specified player(s). ( int PlayerID /*-1 means everyone*/, string ElementID /* should be unique */, string LayoutFileName, table DialogVariables /* can be nil */ )
CustomUI.DynamicHud_Destroy	void DynamicHud_Destroy(int, string)	Destroy a custom hud element ( int PlayerID /*-1 means everyone*/, string ElementID )
CustomUI.DynamicHud_SetDialogVariables	void DynamicHud_SetDialogVariables(int, string, handle)	Add or modify dialog variables for an existing custom hud element ( int PlayerID /*-1 means everyone*/, string ElementID, table DialogVariables )
CustomUI.DynamicHud_SetVisible	void DynamicHud_SetVisible(int, string, bool)	Toggle the visibility of an existing custom hud element ( int PlayerID /*-1 means everyone*/, string ElementID, bool Visible )

GameUI.SetMouseCallback

The GameUI.SetMouseCallback API can be used to register a function that is called before the main gameplay code processes the mouse. Dota_2_Workshop_Tools/Panorama/GameUI_SetMouseCallback_Example(en) This page contains an example of how to use this functionality.

Common Mistakes

You may encounter these mistakes when writing XML, CSS and Javascript in Panorama:

Relevant Area	Error	Solution
hud.xml	Compile error "Found duplicate panel description"	There must only be one panel without an ID in the <root> element
game_info.xml	Compile error "Found duplicate panel description"	There must only be one panel without an ID in the <root> element