Valve Anti-Cheat
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Valve Anti-Cheat, más conocido por su acrónimo VAC, es un sistema antitrampas desarrollado por Valve para sus motores GoldSrc, Source y juegos multijugador Source 2, así como otros juegos de terceros que usen sus motores (como el COD: Modern Warfare 2 original de 2009). El sistema antitrampas de Valve se introdujo en 2002 con el lanzamiento de Counter-Strike 1.4 y se ha ido actualizando hasta juegos y motor GoldSrc.
El sistema antitrampas de Valve es un elemento compartido del motor Source; es compatible con cualquier juego multijugador con motor Source. No todos los juegos Source usan VAC sin embargo; por ejemplo, 
Apex Legends usa Easy Anti-Cheat (EAC), que es técnicamente superior por su base kernel (que permite detectar trampas ocultas), pero puede ser vulnerable en temas de seguridad.
Lista de juegos con VAC
Actualmente hay más de 100 juegos que usen VAC (entre juegos con motor de Valve y sin él), según la tienda de Steam al buscar juegos con VAC. Pero la lista puede ser incorrecta, ya que aparece algún juego para un jugador.
GoldSrc
Counter-Strike
Counter-Strike: Condition Zero
Day of Defeat
Deathmatch Classic
Half-Life
Ricochet
Team Fortress Classic
Nota:Si el jugador está bloqueado por VAC en alguno de estos juegos GoldSrc, lo estará de todos.Source
Counter-Strike: Source
Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (obsoleto)
- Si recibes un bloqueo por VAC (en cualquier juego) no podrás acceder a la tienda de CS:GO ni CS2, recibir artículos ni intercambiar objetos.
Day of Defeat: Source
Half-Life 2: Deathmatch
Half-Life Deathmatch: Source
Team Fortress 2
- Si recibes un bloqueo por VAC en cualquier juego Source (además de CS:GO, como hemos dicho), todos tus artículos de Team Fortress 2 serán eliminados y el soporte de Steam no te permitirá restaurarlos. Además, no tendrás acceso a la tienda de TF2 ni recibirás artículos.
Nota:Si el jugador recibe un bloqueo por VAC en cualquier juego Source, estará bloqueado de todos. Pero al recibirlo en Counter-Strike: Global Offensive o Team Fortress 2 no lo estará del resto y viceversa.
Error:VAC no es funcional en mods en 
Team Fortress 2 branch que no usen Steam AppID. Esto no ocurre en los SDK más primitivos.Source 2
Counter-Strike 2
- Si recibes un bloqueo por VAC (en cualquier juego) no podrás acceder a la tienda de CS:GO ni CS2, recibir artículos ni intercambiar objetos. Además se impedirá que puedan jugar en emparejamiento.
- Nota:Además en CS2, si un tramposo es detectado por VAC en directo, la partida se cancelará automáticamente.[1]
Deadlock
Dota 2
Confirmar:¿
Dota Underlords tiene VAC?
Otros motores
- Véase más en tienda de Steam.
Heurística
Team Fortress 2.
Las versiones más primitivas del sistema antitrampas de Valve, antes de 2005, bloqueaban el acceso al jugador durante 24 horas (con aumentos de duración hasta 1 año o incluso 5 años). Con la salida del VAC 2.0 en 2005, cuando un jugador se conecta a un servidor con VAC (indicado con el emblema 🛡 y la letra V), el sistema VAC comprueba si hay algún proceso externo en los archivos locales del cliente. Si encuentra alguna herramienta sospechosa (como aimbot, wallhack o cualquier otro hack), el jugador se marcará como tramposo de inmediato, pero no recibirá ninguna notificación hasta que pase un tiempo (generalmente entre unos días y una semana, para que Valve cace tantos tramposos como pueda),[2] hasta que Valve notifica que están permanentemente bloqueados por VAC. Si algún jugador recibe un bloqueo por VAC por usar otra cosa que no fueran trampas (como software de grabación, programas superpuestos o controladores, etc.) o iniciar el juego con archivos DLL actualizados que pueden identificarse por error como trampas, será desbloqueado tras una investigación del bloqueo por VAC por parte de Valve del jugador y del software detectado.
En juegos como Counter-Strike 2 (anteriormente Counter-Strike: Global Offensive), también hay un VAC en directo (anteriormente VACnet), una máquina de IA del servidor que detecta cualquier jugabilidad irregular. Si detecta que hay algún tramposo la partida se detendrá automáticamente y el jugador recibirá 20 horas (o más) de espera.
Valve does not disclose which programs are listed on VAC database, because releasing these information only benefit cheat developers.
One example of false positive VAC bans, in this case with Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, due to DLL files being updated by Steam after it was loaded into memory by the game, over 12,000 players were banned. These bans have been revoked and those who got affected by the ban have been gifted 
Left 4 Dead 2 for free by Valve, plus one to send as a gift to friends.[3][4][5] Another one in October 2023, affects most AMD Radeon 7000 series graphics card users with "Anti-Lag+" feature enabled, which results in false VAC ban in Counter-Strike 2 and other games such as Apex Legends (though it uses EAC), due to Anti-Lag+ feature detouring certain DLL functions of the game. This issue was partially resolved with the updated AMD driver, which temporarily disabled the "Anti-Lag+" feature (and eventually removing it), and both developers of the affected games above have reversed all bans related to the Anti-Lag+.[6] In the same month, users playing Counter-Strike 2 on Windows 7 (which was not officially supported by the game), also get falsely banned, which was also later reversed.[7]
Additionally, in Counter-Strike 2, users with mouse DPI set to excessively high values like 10.000 or higher, and spinning the mouse can also led to users being VAC banned.[8]
Valve Anti-Cheat will not detect content hacks such as invisible wall textures or bright-colored player models. Server admins that wish to block such activity will need to run a pure server.
Using VAC
For server admins who wish to use VAC, you should run your server with the -secure command line parameter. If you are using the Steam srcds frontend, make sure that the Secure (Valve Anti-Cheat) option is checked.
Code Injection
As a developer, there are situations in which you may legitimately wish to inject code into the application process of a game that uses VAC or Trusted Mode. In this case, you need to ensure that your code injection only takes place when and if the game client application is operated in the appropriate mode to avoid the user receiving a ban. Check with the game’s documentation to find out what, if any, settings have to be applied.
Code Injection in CS:GO & CS2
If the code you wish to inject is Authenticode signed, the CS:GO and CS2 game client has to be run in “Allow Third Party Software” mode; for any other code the CS:GO and CS2 game client has to be run in “Insecure” mode.
VAC Errors
Counter-Strike: Source.Aside from VAC Ban, if there are any issues with your operating system, hardware, or other issues that prevent Valve Anti-Cheat from working, the game will simply disconnect and preventing users from connecting to secure severs until the problem is fixed.
List of VAC errors
Disconnect: An issue with your computer is blocking the VAC system. You cannot play on secure servers.
https://support.steampowered.com/kb_article.php?ref=2117-ILZV-2837 .or
- An issue with your computer is blocking the VAC system.
- You are unable to maintain a stable connection to the VAC system.
- You are running software that is modifying the game or is incompatible with VAC.
- This issue means that some third-party software (and corrupt Windows/Mac/Linux installation), interfering with the game or Steam client, or both Steam & game files are corrupted. To solve this problem, try to uninstall or exit any software that interferes with Valve Anti-Cheat, restart your computer, repair Steam service (or reinstall Steam), verify your game files, restore boot settings, or repair system files. If these fixes doesn't solve the problem, try to reinstall Windows (or other operating systems).
A connection to the Steam VAC servers could not be made. Visit the link below for troubleshooting information.
https://help.steampowered.com/faqs/view/22C0-03D0-AE4B-04E8- This error means that Windows Firewall or other firewall software is preventing the game or Steam from connecting to VAC servers. Whitelist both the game and the Steam client and restart Steam and the game. If it doesn't work, check other third-party software on your system, or try using VPN/Proxy to find out whether the ISP is blocking the domains.
Game ban vs. VAC ban
Sometimes, a player may only get banned from a single game instead of all VAC secured games. This is because they received a game ban, which is not the same as a VAC ban. A game developer or moderator usually initiates game bans that will only restrict features of one specific game (e.g. Overwatch in CS:GO and/or Counter-Strike 2, aswell as Team Fortress 2 (since June 2024) gave out game bans and not VAC bans). VAC bans can only be given by VAC (automatically) or Valve employees.
External links
Referencias
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