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{{vac|4|nt=0}}, more commonly known by its acronym {{vac|3}}, is a proprietary anti-cheat system developed by {{L|Valve}} for use in {{gldsrc|3.1}}, {{src|3.1}} and {{source2|3.1}} multiplayer games, as well as many other third-party multiplayer games on various other engines (such as the original COD: Modern Warfare 2 from 2009). Valve Anti-Cheat was introduced in 2002 with the release of Counter-Strike 1.4 and updates to {{gldsrc|1}} games and engine.
{{vac|4|nt=0}}, más conocido por su acrónimo {{vac|3}}, es un sistema antitrampas desarrollado por {{L|Valve}} para sus motores {{gldsrc|3.1}}, {{src|3.1}} y juegos multijugador {{source2|3.1}}, así como otros juegos de terceros que usen sus motores (como el COD: Modern Warfare 2 original de 2009). El sistema antitrampas de Valve se introdujo en 2002 con el lanzamiento de Counter-Strike 1.4 y se ha ido actualizando hasta juegos y motor {{gldsrc|1}}.


Valve Anti-Cheat is a shared element of the Source engine; thus, it is supported by any Source-based multiplayer game. Not all {{src|3.1}} games use {{vac|3.1}} however; for example, {{apex|4}} uses [https://www.easy.ac/en-us/ Easy Anti-Cheat] (EAC), which is technically superior due to being kernel-based (meaning that it was able to detect hidden cheats/kernel-based cheats), but may be vulnerable to security issues.
El sistema antitrampas de Valve es un elemento compartido del motor Source; es compatible con cualquier juego multijugador con motor Source. No todos los juegos {{src|3.1}} usan {{vac|3.1}} sin embargo; por ejemplo, {{apex|4}} usa [https://www.easy.ac/es-es/ Easy Anti-Cheat] (EAC), que es técnicamente superior por su base kernel (que permite detectar trampas ocultas), pero puede ser vulnerable en temas de seguridad.
== List of Games using VAC ==
== Lista de juegos con VAC ==
There are currently over 100 games that use VAC (both games using non-Valve and Valve engines), according to [https://store.steampowered.com/search/?category1=998&category2=8 Steam Store] when searching for games with VAC. However some of the list may be incorrect, such as singleplayer games being included on the list, or some games were missing on the list.
Actualmente hay más de 100 juegos que usen VAC (entre juegos con motor de Valve y sin él), según la [https://store.steampowered.com/search/?category1=998&category2=8 tienda de Steam] al buscar juegos con VAC. Pero la lista puede ser incorrecta, ya que aparece algún juego para un jugador.
=== {{gldsrc|name}} ===
=== {{gldsrc|name}} ===
*{{Cs|4}}
*{{Cs|4}}
Line 15: Line 15:
*{{Ricochet|4}}
*{{Ricochet|4}}
*{{tfc|4}}
*{{tfc|4}}
{{Note|If the player is VAC banned in one of these GoldSrc games, they will get banned in all of them.}}
{{Note|Si el jugador está bloqueado por VAC en alguno de estos juegos GoldSrc, lo estará de todos.}}
=== {{src|name}} ===
=== {{src|name}} ===
*{{Css|4}}
*{{Css|4}}
*{{Csgo|4}} (no longer available)
*{{Csgo|4}} (obsoleto)
**If you receive a VAC ban (for any game) you will no longer have access to the CS:GO and CS2 Store, receive CS:GO and CS2 item drops, or be able to trade CS:GO and CS2 items.
**Si recibes un bloqueo por VAC (en cualquier juego) no podrás acceder a la tienda de CS:GO ni CS2, recibir artículos ni intercambiar objetos.
*{{Dods|4}}
*{{Dods|4}}
*{{Hl2dm|4}}
*{{Hl2dm|4}}
*{{Hldms|4}}
*{{Hldms|4}}
*{{tf2|4}}
*{{tf2|4}}
**If you receive a VAC ban in any Source games (aside from CS:GO, see below), all your items will be removed from your Team Fortress 2 inventory and Steam Support will be unable to restore these items. Additionally, you will no longer have access to the TF2 Store or receive item drops.
**Si recibes un bloqueo por VAC en cualquier juego Source (además de CS:GO, como hemos dicho), todos tus artículos de Team Fortress 2 serán eliminados y el soporte de Steam no te permitirá restaurarlos. Además, no tendrás acceso a la tienda de TF2 ni recibirás artículos.
{{Note|If the player is VAC banned in one of these Source games, they will get banned in all of them. But notably, getting banned in {{Csgo|4}} or {{Tf2|4}} will not get you banned from the other games and vice versa.}}
{{Note|Si el jugador recibe un bloqueo por VAC en cualquier juego Source, estará bloqueado de todos. Pero al recibirlo en {{Csgo|4}} o {{Tf2|4}} no lo estará del resto y viceversa.}}
{{bug|hidetested=1|VAC is nonfunctional for mods running on the {{tf2branch|2}} which do not have their own Steam AppID. This is not the case for earlier SDKs.}}
{{bug|hidetested=1|VAC no es funcional en mods en {{tf2branch|2}} que no usen Steam AppID. Esto no ocurre en los SDK más primitivos.}}


=== {{source2|name}} ===
=== {{source2|name}} ===
*{{cs2|4}}
*{{cs2|4}}
**If you receive a VAC ban (for any game) you will no longer have access to the CS:GO and CS2 Store, receive CS:GO and CS2 item drops, or be able to trade CS:GO and CS2 items. Additionally, users may get Global Cooldown, preventing them from matchmaking.
**Si recibes un bloqueo por VAC (en cualquier juego) no podrás acceder a la tienda de CS:GO ni CS2, recibir artículos ni intercambiar objetos. Además se impedirá que puedan jugar en emparejamiento.
**{{Note|Also in CS2, if a cheater was detected by VAC Live, the match will be automatically cancelled.{{Cite|1}}}}
**{{Note|Además en CS2, si un tramposo es detectado por VAC en directo, la partida se cancelará automáticamente.{{Cite|1}}}}
*{{Deadlock|4}}
*{{Deadlock|4}}
*{{dota2|4}}
*{{dota2|4}}
*{{Confirm|Does {{dul|4}} support VAC?}}
*{{Confirm|¿{{dul|4}} tiene VAC?}}


=== Other engines ===
=== Otros motores ===
* See more at [https://store.steampowered.com/search/?category1=998&category2=8 Steam Store]
* Véase más en [https://store.steampowered.com/search/?category1=998&category2=8 tienda de Steam].


==Heuristics==
==Heurística==
[[File:VAC_banned.png|right|thumb|340px|Message displayed to a VAC-banned client. Screenshot from {{tf2|4}}.]]
[[File:VAC_banned.png|right|thumb|340px|Mensaje mostrado a un cliente bloqueado por VAC. Imagen de {{tf2|4}}.]]
[[File:VAC_Banned_Steam_alert.jpg|right|thumb|340px|Message displayed on Steam client when the player has been VAC banned.]]
[[File:VAC_Banned_Steam_alert.jpg|right|thumb|340px|Mensaje mostrado a un cliente bloqueado por VAC.]]
Early versions of Valve Anti-Cheat before 2005 will ban player for 24 hours (with duration of the ban was increased over time, up to 1 year and 5 years). Since the release of VAC 2.0 in 2005, when a player is connected to a VAC-secured server (denoted by a 🛡 security badge and the letter V in the server browser), the VAC system checks if any foreign processes are hooked into the player's local game binaries. If the VAC check finds a positive ID for any possible cheating tool (like aimbot/wallhack software, OpenGL hack), the offending player's Steam account will be flagged as cheating immediately, but the player will not receive any indication of the detection until after a variable amount of time (usually few days to a week, as Valve wanted to catch many cheaters as possible),{{Cite|2}} Valve will notified the player that they are permanently banned from all VAC-secured servers.  
Las versiones más primitivas del sistema antitrampas de Valve, antes de 2005, bloqueaban el acceso al jugador durante 24 horas (con aumentos de duración hasta 1 año o incluso 5 años). Con la salida del VAC 2.0 en 2005, cuando un jugador se conecta a un servidor con VAC (indicado con el emblema 🛡 y la letra V), el sistema VAC comprueba si hay algún proceso externo en los archivos locales del cliente. Si encuentra alguna herramienta sospechosa (como aimbot, wallhack o cualquier otro hack), el jugador se marcará como tramposo de inmediato, pero no recibirá ninguna notificación hasta que pase un tiempo (generalmente entre unos días y una semana, para que Valve cace tantos tramposos como pueda),{{Cite|2}} hasta que Valve notifica que están permanentemente bloqueados por VAC.
If the player was falsely banned for using software that is not a cheating tool (such as Recording software, overlays, drivers, etc...), or by launching the game with updated game DLLs files which was mistakenly marked as cheating tools/DLL injectors, the player may get unbanned by Valve after Valve investigating the ban, and the software that VAC detects.  
Si algún jugador recibe un bloqueo por VAC por usar otra cosa que no fueran trampas (como software de grabación, programas superpuestos o controladores, etc.) o iniciar el juego con archivos DLL actualizados que pueden identificarse por error como trampas, será desbloqueado tras una investigación del bloqueo por VAC por parte de Valve del jugador y del software detectado.  


In games such as {{Cs2|1}} (formerly {{csgo|1}}), it also relies on VAC Live (formerly VACnet), a server-sided machine learning (AI) approach which tries to detect any irregular gameplay. When it managed to detects it, the match will be automatically cancelled, and the player will receive a 20 hours (or more) cooldown.
En juegos como {{Cs2|1}} (anteriormente {{csgo|1}}), también hay un VAC en directo (anteriormente VACnet), una máquina de IA del servidor que detecta cualquier jugabilidad irregular. Si detecta que hay algún tramposo la partida se detendrá automáticamente y el jugador recibirá 20 horas (o más) de espera.


Valve does not disclose which programs are listed on VAC database, because releasing these information only benefit cheat developers.
Valve does not disclose which programs are listed on VAC database, because releasing these information only benefit cheat developers.

Latest revision as of 07:35, 25 July 2025

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VAC Valve Anti-Cheat, más conocido por su acrónimo VAC, es un sistema antitrampas desarrollado por Valve(en) para sus motores GoldSrc, Source y juegos multijugador Source 2, así como otros juegos de terceros que usen sus motores (como el COD: Modern Warfare 2 original de 2009). El sistema antitrampas de Valve se introdujo en 2002 con el lanzamiento de Counter-Strike 1.4 y se ha ido actualizando hasta juegos y motor GoldSrc.

El sistema antitrampas de Valve es un elemento compartido del motor Source; es compatible con cualquier juego multijugador con motor Source. No todos los juegos Source usan VAC sin embargo; por ejemplo, Apex Legends Apex Legends usa Easy Anti-Cheat (EAC), que es técnicamente superior por su base kernel (que permite detectar trampas ocultas), pero puede ser vulnerable en temas de seguridad.

Lista de juegos con VAC

Actualmente hay más de 100 juegos que usen VAC (entre juegos con motor de Valve y sin él), según la tienda de Steam al buscar juegos con VAC. Pero la lista puede ser incorrecta, ya que aparece algún juego para un jugador.

GoldSrc

Note.pngNota:Si el jugador está bloqueado por VAC en alguno de estos juegos GoldSrc, lo estará de todos.

Source

Note.pngNota:Si el jugador recibe un bloqueo por VAC en cualquier juego Source, estará bloqueado de todos. Pero al recibirlo en Counter-Strike: Global Offensive Counter-Strike: Global Offensive o Team Fortress 2 Team Fortress 2 no lo estará del resto y viceversa.
Icon-Bug.pngError:VAC no es funcional en mods en Team Fortress 2 branch Team Fortress 2 branch que no usen Steam AppID. Esto no ocurre en los SDK más primitivos.

Source 2

  • Counter-Strike 2 Counter-Strike 2
    • Si recibes un bloqueo por VAC (en cualquier juego) no podrás acceder a la tienda de CS:GO ni CS2, recibir artículos ni intercambiar objetos. Además se impedirá que puedan jugar en emparejamiento.
    • Note.pngNota:Además en CS2, si un tramposo es detectado por VAC en directo, la partida se cancelará automáticamente.[1]
  • Deadlock Deadlock
  • Dota 2 Dota 2
  • Confirmar:¿Dota Underlords Dota Underlords tiene VAC?

Otros motores

Heurística

Mensaje mostrado a un cliente bloqueado por VAC. Imagen de Team Fortress 2 Team Fortress 2.
Mensaje mostrado a un cliente bloqueado por VAC.

Las versiones más primitivas del sistema antitrampas de Valve, antes de 2005, bloqueaban el acceso al jugador durante 24 horas (con aumentos de duración hasta 1 año o incluso 5 años). Con la salida del VAC 2.0 en 2005, cuando un jugador se conecta a un servidor con VAC (indicado con el emblema 🛡 y la letra V), el sistema VAC comprueba si hay algún proceso externo en los archivos locales del cliente. Si encuentra alguna herramienta sospechosa (como aimbot, wallhack o cualquier otro hack), el jugador se marcará como tramposo de inmediato, pero no recibirá ninguna notificación hasta que pase un tiempo (generalmente entre unos días y una semana, para que Valve cace tantos tramposos como pueda),[2] hasta que Valve notifica que están permanentemente bloqueados por VAC. Si algún jugador recibe un bloqueo por VAC por usar otra cosa que no fueran trampas (como software de grabación, programas superpuestos o controladores, etc.) o iniciar el juego con archivos DLL actualizados que pueden identificarse por error como trampas, será desbloqueado tras una investigación del bloqueo por VAC por parte de Valve del jugador y del software detectado.

En juegos como Counter-Strike 2 (anteriormente Counter-Strike: Global Offensive), también hay un VAC en directo (anteriormente VACnet), una máquina de IA del servidor que detecta cualquier jugabilidad irregular. Si detecta que hay algún tramposo la partida se detendrá automáticamente y el jugador recibirá 20 horas (o más) de espera.

Valve does not disclose which programs are listed on VAC database, because releasing these information only benefit cheat developers.

One example of false positive VAC bans, in this case with Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, due to DLL files being updated by Steam(en) after it was loaded into memory by the game, over 12,000 players were banned. These bans have been revoked and those who got affected by the ban have been gifted Left 4 Dead 2 Left 4 Dead 2 for free by Valve, plus one to send as a gift to friends.[3][4][5] Another one in October 2023, affects most AMD Radeon 7000 series graphics card users with "Anti-Lag+" feature enabled, which results in false VAC ban in Counter-Strike 2 Counter-Strike 2 and other games such as Apex Legends Apex Legends (though it uses EAC), due to Anti-Lag+ feature detouring certain DLL functions of the game. This issue was partially resolved with the updated AMD driver, which temporarily disabled the "Anti-Lag+" feature (and eventually removing it), and both developers of the affected games above have reversed all bans related to the Anti-Lag+.[6] In the same month, users playing Counter-Strike 2 on Windows 7 (which was not officially supported by the game), also get falsely banned, which was also later reversed.[7]

Additionally, in Counter-Strike 2, users with mouse DPI set to excessively high values like 10.000 or higher, and spinning the mouse can also led to users being VAC banned.[8]

Valve Anti-Cheat will not detect content hacks such as invisible wall textures or bright-colored player models. Server admins that wish to block such activity will need to run a pure server(en).

Using VAC

For server admins who wish to use VAC, you should run your server with the -secure command line parameter. If you are using the Steam srcds frontend, make sure that the Secure (Valve Anti-Cheat) option is checked.

Code Injection

As a developer, there are situations in which you may legitimately wish to inject code into the application process of a game that uses VAC or Trusted Mode. In this case, you need to ensure that your code injection only takes place when and if the game client application is operated in the appropriate mode to avoid the user receiving a ban. Check with the game’s documentation to find out what, if any, settings have to be applied.

Code Injection in CS:GO & CS2

If the code you wish to inject is Authenticode signed, the CS:GO and CS2 game client has to be run in “Allow Third Party Software” mode; for any other code the CS:GO and CS2 game client has to be run in “Insecure” mode.

VAC Errors

Message displayed to a system which fails to enable Valve Anti-Cheat, or prevent Valve Anti-Cheat from working. Screenshot from Counter-Strike: Source Counter-Strike: Source.

Aside from VAC Ban, if there are any issues with your operating system, hardware, or other issues that prevent Valve Anti-Cheat from working, the game will simply disconnect and preventing users from connecting to secure severs until the problem is fixed.

List of VAC errors

Disconnected

Disconnect: An issue with your computer is blocking the VAC system. You cannot play on secure servers.

https://support.steampowered.com/kb_article.php?ref=2117-ILZV-2837 .

or

You cannot play on secure servers for one of the following reasons:
  • An issue with your computer is blocking the VAC system.
  • You are unable to maintain a stable connection to the VAC system.
  • You are running software that is modifying the game or is incompatible with VAC.
For more information visit: https://support.steampowered.com/kb_article.php?ref=2117-ILZV-2837
  • This issue means that some third-party software (and corrupt Windows/Mac/Linux installation), interfering with the game or Steam client, or both Steam & game files are corrupted. To solve this problem, try to uninstall or exit any software that interferes with Valve Anti-Cheat, restart your computer, repair Steam service (or reinstall Steam), verify your game files, restore boot settings, or repair system files. If these fixes doesn't solve the problem, try to reinstall Windows (or other operating systems).
Matchmaking Error

A connection to the Steam VAC servers could not be made. Visit the link below for troubleshooting information.

https://help.steampowered.com/faqs/view/22C0-03D0-AE4B-04E8
  • This error means that Windows Firewall or other firewall software is preventing the game or Steam from connecting to VAC servers. Whitelist both the game and the Steam client and restart Steam and the game. If it doesn't work, check other third-party software on your system, or try using VPN/Proxy to find out whether the ISP is blocking the domains.

Game ban vs. VAC ban

Sometimes, a player may only get banned from a single game instead of all VAC secured games. This is because they received a game ban, which is not the same as a VAC ban. A game developer or moderator usually initiates game bans that will only restrict features of one specific game (e.g. Overwatch in CS:GO and/or Counter-Strike 2, aswell as Team Fortress 2 (since June 2024) gave out game bans and not VAC bans). VAC bans can only be given by VAC (automatically) or Valve employees.

External links

Referencias

Referencias
3. Smith, Quintin (July 26, 2010). "Valve Anti-Cheat software goes a bit GlaDOS?". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Gamer Network..
4. Meer, Alec (July 27, 2010). "Valve offers free game after 12,000 false Steam bans". Gamesindustry.biz. GamesIndustry International..
5. McElroy, Griffin (July 27, 2010). "Valve apologizes for banning over 12,000 legit Modern Warfare 2 players". Engadget. Verizon Media..
6. Shilov, Anton (October 13, 2023). "AMD Counter-Strikes Itself, Pulls Driver After Anti-Lag Feature Causes CS2 Bans". Tom's Hardware.. Retrieved on October 14, 2023.
7. Cooke, Hunter (October 3, 2023). "Valve appears to undo false VAC bans for Windows 7 CS2 players". Dot Esports..
8. Park, Morgan (October 24, 2023). "Counter-Strike 2 is banning players for moving their mouse too fast". PC Gamer..
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